V. A. Sukhomlinsky.

It is very important to develop the muscles of the child from a very early age so that in the future he has the correct motor skills and a good reaction. This is especially important for the development of the palms and fingers of the child, because his future life depends on it. Indeed, the hand has a large "representation" in the cerebral cortex, so finger gymnastics is of great importance for the development of the child.

Young children are characterized by increased emotional impressionability, suggestibility. Concentration is short, attention of small volume and involuntary, and children cannot distribute it due to age characteristics. Small-time classes, games, accompanied by the emotional speech of an adult, are acceptable to kids. In our group, much attention is paid to finger games.

Finger games are very useful for kids because they improve coordination. small movements, and the development of fine motor skills stimulates the development of speech centers in the brain. Kids who regularly do finger gymnastics quickly learn to write, draw, and have a good memory. If a child has dexterous and mobile fingers, then learning to speak will not be difficult for him. After all, those words that adults pronounce to the beat of the movement of the baby's fingers are easy to remember. For a child, finger games are a bridge between him and the outside world, because the heroes of gymnastics are usually people, animals, natural phenomena, etc.

You need to engage in finger games from birth. You can play with your child at home, in the clinic, in line, on vacation. After all, they do not require special props. And one more important point finger games - children quickly calm down after stress.

The main goal of finger games is to switch attention, improve the coordination of fine motor skills, which directly affects the mental development of the child. in addition, when repeating poetic lines and simultaneously moving their fingers, children develop the correct sound pronunciation, the ability to speak quickly and clearly, memory improves, the ability to coordinate movements and speech.

It has been proven that the level of development of mental processes is directly dependent on the degree of formation of fine motor skills of the hands. There is a close relationship between the coordination of small hand movements and speech. The level of development of speech is always directly dependent on the degree of development of small movements of the fingers.

With the help of games, you can organize any regime moment in an interesting way, joint, independent activity child, build a fun activity.

To determine the level of development of speech in children of the first years of life, a following method: the child is asked to show one finger, two fingers, three. Children who succeed in isolated finger movements are talking children. If the fingers are tense, bend or unbend only together, or, on the contrary, are sluggish and do not give isolated movements, then these are not talking children. Until the movements of the fingers become free, the development of speech and, consequently, thinking cannot be achieved.

Many children have insufficiently developed fine motor skills of their hands: some cannot hold a spoon correctly while eating, others cannot hold a pencil or brush when drawing. It is difficult for children to assemble a mosaic, play with a ball, fasten and unfasten zippers and Velcro on clothes.

Finger games develop not only hand dexterity and accuracy, but also the child's brain, stimulate creativity, imagination and speech.

When performing small movements of the fingers, there is pressure on the fingertips and activation of the immature cells of the cerebral cortex responsible for the formation of the child's speech.

That is why when performing various movements with the fingers, the development of speech occurs, and hence the thinking of the child, since at this age this connection is very strong.

Finger games affect finger plasticity, hands become obedient, which helps the child to perform small movements necessary in drawing, and in the future when writing. Scientists consider finger games as a combination of finger plasticity with expressive speech intonation. And this means that finger gymnastics affects not only the development of speech, but also its expressiveness, the formation of creative abilities.

Finger games, according to scientists, are a reflection of the reality of the surrounding world - objects, animals, people, their activities, natural phenomena.

In the collection, finger games are systematized according to:

Finger games without objects (“Octopus Boy”, “Man”, “Birds”, “Motor”, “We stomped”, “Fingers went out for a walk);

Finger games with objects (“Hiding the handles”, “Breeze”);

Tactile finger games ("Handkerchiefs", "Hide and Seek");

Gymnastic finger games ("Little Men", "Beaks")

The collection allows the teacher to choose the game accordingly thematic plan, as well as to consolidate and expand the knowledge of the child; develop his cognitive interest, curiosity, fine motor skills of hands.

Section 1. Finger games without objects

"Octopus Boy"

Purpose: to develop the community of fingers, to learn to imitate movements

adult.

Fingers in a half-bent (spread out) form are installed on a solid

surfaces and move in two directions: first away from themselves, then on

myself. Finger movements imitate piano playing (sequential

touching the surface) while moving forward -

back.

The exercise is accompanied by the reading of a poem:

It's an octopus boy

He has so many legs.

He succeeds everywhere

Both in study and in work.

Because the octopus

It's just a centipede.

"Man"

Invite the kids to play.

Look at my little man.

Place your middle and index fingers on a table or floor

The man went for a walk.

Show how the man walks.

Top-top-top - feet stomp.

The man is walking along the path.

Have the children repeat the movements.

"Birds"

Purpose: to develop hand movements and the ability to understand speech, to teach

imitate the movements of an adult.

Invite the kids to repeat your movements.

The birds are flying and flapping their wings.

lower your hands (flap your wings).)

Birds landed, wings folded.

(Join your palms together.)

Let's feed the birds - fill them with grains!

(Put the fingers of one hand into a pinch and wiggle them.)

This is how birds peck at grains!

(Lightly drum on the table with your bent index finger or

a few pinched fingers.)

The birds ate and flew away.

(Cross your arms at the level of your wrists, raise and

lower your brushes.)

"Motor"

Purpose: to develop coordinated movements of the fingers of both hands, to teach

imitate the movements of an adult.

Give the children cars and invite them to play: “Let's play cars.

BBC! Let's go cars! Stop! The cars stopped. Gotta start

motors."

Show the kids how to start the engines. For this

fingers, except thumbs, need to be woven

together while thumbs rotate each around

friend. "Motors" can work quickly and

slowly.

"We stomped"

Target: develop hand movements and the ability to understand speech, teach

imitate the movements of an adult.

During this game, children sit on the floor or on chairs at the table.

Invite the children to put their hands on the table (on their knees) and read

poem:

We stomped, we stomped

They stomped to the poplar

They stomped to the poplar

And the legs all stomped!

Listening to the poem, the children take turns clapping

right and left palms on the table (or on the knees).

Invite the kids to continue the "walk". But now we gotta move

faster (respectively, the poem should be read every time

faster).

"Fingers went out for a walk"

Purpose: to develop the movements of the hands, to learn to imitate the movements

adult.

Invite the children to make a fist and start reading the poem.(Children repeat your movements as they read.)

One, two, three, four, five - (Alternately straighten your fingers, starting with

big.)

The fingers went out for a walk. (Wag your fingers.)

One, two, three, four, five - (Alternately clench your fingers into a fist,

starting with the little finger.)

They hid in the house again.

Repeat the game with the fingers of the other hand.

Section 2. Finger games with objects

"Hide the handles"

Purpose: to teach children to imitate the movements of an adult.

Materials: handkerchiefs or boxes.

Have the children repeat the following movements:

Let's hide our hands - like this! (Children hide

hands behind your back.)

Where are our pens? And here they are, the pens! (Children

show hands.)

Again the pens hid ... (Children hide their hands under the table

(if the children are sitting at the table) or behind the back (if the children are standing).)

Where are our pens? And here they are! (Children show their hands.)

The game can be repeated several times. In the same way, you can hide your hands

under a scarf, in a box.

Ira "Veterok"

Purpose: to strengthen the muscles of the fingers and hands.

Materials: small rubber pears (according to the number of children).

Show the children a rubber bulb, demonstrate how to squeeze it in

palms, releasing air from the hole: “This is how it blows

breeze! Let's make wind together."

In order for children to better feel the flow of air,

bring the pear to the hands or cheeks of the kids. Then

give them rubber pears and offer to "make

breeze".

You can invite children to blow off a cotton pad, a feather, a small

paper ball, directing a jet of air at these objects

Section 3. Tactile finger games

"Handkerchiefs"

Purpose: to develop skin sensations and muscle activity of the child.

As the poem is read, children run their hands over handkerchiefs:

Here is a handkerchief, smooth, smooth,

Well, this one, as if in folds!

He is rough, tough even.

Well, who do we show them to?

"Hide and Seek"

Purpose: to develop skin sensations and muscle activity of the child, to teach

identify and recognize, compare and distinguish between objects.

The child takes out small toys covered with beans from the basin with handles:

Who is hiding from us?

Who climbed into the deep basin?

We'll dig, we'll dig a hole,

And then another.

We won't let anyone

Just go to the bottom!

Section 4. Gymnastic finger games

"Little Men"

certain movements.

Under the reading of the poem, the children make movements with their fingers, to which

dressed up dolls made of ping-pong balls.

Hello, hello grandma!

Hello, hello, grandfather!

Come, let's have a cup of tea!

We'll drink tea, then we'll sing!

"Beaks"

Purpose: to teach the child to perform with fingers completely

certain movements.

Under the reading of the poem, the child with fingers folded "beaks"

"pecks" paper balls.

We've been to the fair

And they saw the rings:

This is Gale, this is Nina,

This is Tanya, this is Line,

Well, this is for Nastya.

All the gifts were carried by Petrusha! free (accessed 10/19/2016)

Alexandra Stefanko "Our fingers are playing" [Electronic resource].- Access mode: free (10.10.2016)

In the early childhood When the ability to speak is just being formed, there is some interdependence in the development of speech and motor skills of the hands. There is a special set of exercises for training motor skills. It is called - finger gymnastics with a pencil. Each exercise is accompanied by its own poem. Toddlers with whom such classes are conducted, as a rule, begin to speak earlier. It has been proven that all good habits are easier to form in the very early age. This also applies to various kinds gymnastics.

Simple exercises

It is better to develop finger motor skills by doing exercises from the simplest to the more complex. You can use a pen instead of a pencil. It is desirable that the object is not smooth, but has edges and bulges. You need to be careful, because a sharp pencil or pen can hurt you.

"Iron"

The hand is placed on the table. It needs to be “stroked” in turn with both hands. After - roll on the surface of the table. In the process, they say a poem, for example:

I will shake the pencil

Left or right as you wish.

"Motor"

Palms should be closed with fingers forward. The pencil is placed vertically and moved by moving the palms back and forth, changing the pace. At the same time they say:

Start the engine quickly

And warm up your hands

Accelerate faster and faster

Strength, my friend, do not be sorry.

Speed ​​after slowing down

Here we are at the house.

"Rolling pin"

The palms are connected as in the previous example, but so that the right hand (or left, if the child is left-handed) is on top. The pencil should be placed horizontally and moved back and forth using only the top palm.

We bake pies well.

Who is in charge in the kitchen?

Daughter rolls out the dough

Mom will put it in the oven.

More difficult exercises

"pipe"

The bottom line is that you need to play the pencil like a pipe. The exercise is complicated by different combinations of taps and tempo variations. At the same time, they say a poem, or sing. Here is an example verse:

We will sing a song loudly

The pipe plays loudly

Our fingers are fast!

And the guys are all cheerful.

"Crane"

The pen, which lies on the table, must be lifted in turn with the help of different combinations of fingers. First large and forefinger, then large and medium, and then - large and nameless. It is important to work both hands.

Here is Olya's crane!

A real giant!

Crane lifting king at a construction site!

The strongest and most persistent!

"Swinging chair"

The pencil is rolled between the fingers. You have to try not to drop it.

The rocking chair shakes

And the fingers are walking

"Palm"

It is necessary to outline the contours of the palm, which is previously placed on the table. Particular attention should be paid to the interdigital zone, massaging it lightly.

Here are all the palms tired

Well, I'll draw them

And I love the drawing

Let your hands rest a little.

"Catch up"

The handle is rotated around its axis with the fingers of both hands. Fingers should "catch up" with each other.

I'll catch up with the pencil

And I will adjust the little finger,

All fingers run forward

Not one is left behind!

Benefit

Traditional pencil exercises not only develop the ability to move. Speaking poetry, staging various rhyming stories perfectly develop logic, attention, and imagination. Also, such games from the very beginning instill the right culture of speech. It is easier for a child to understand and remember what “up”, “down”, “right”, “left” are.

These games are great fun. They develop creativity, train memory, prepare a hand for writing. It is important that classes cheer up, stabilize the psychological background and reinforce a positive attitude for the next school lessons.

It is worth noting that such training is useful not only for children. It is useful for adults to do hand exercises. Especially those who are closed at the office from 9 to 6. After all, exercises stimulate nerve endings, give vigor, help to escape from the routine.

Naturally, their specificity for adults is different. Here are some examples:

1. Hand massage. Roll out a ribbed pencil between your palms.
2. Self-massage of fingertips. On the pads of the fingers, you need to put the pen so that the thumb would hold it and be opposed to the other four. Use your thumb to move the handle, pressing lightly.

The human body is a fragile and at the same time complex mechanism that staggers the ability to learn and do complex work. Finger gymnastics can give you skills that will be useful in your studies and future work. In addition to classes with rhymes, you can teach your child needlework, computer typing, engage him in games and work that requires precise movements of the hands and fingers in particular.

Finger gymnastics: how to determine the level of development of fine motor skills in a child, exercises for fingers in pictures and verses, exercises by Maria Montessori, shadow finger theater.

Finger gymnastics for children preschool age.

Finger gymnastics Very helpful for kids of all ages. teachers primary school they constantly note that for many children the biggest problem in learning is not the inability to read or the basics of arithmetic, but the unpreparedness of the hand for writing. What are the reasons for the graphic unpreparedness for learning to write? There are two such reasons:

1. Insufficient development of small muscles of the hand and nervous regulation of fine motor skills (“physiological unpreparedness” for learning to write).
2. Lack of skill in performing graphic movements (“psychological unpreparedness” for learning to write).

Both of these difficulties can be prevented by doing finger gymnastics with children from the age of 3 and doing special exercises, and also, as actively as possible, involve the baby in making crafts (drawing, appliqué, art work, modeling), in household work (embroidery with a thick needle, knitting and weaving for girls, making crafts from wood and natural materials, bars, packages for boys).

How to determine the level of development of fine motor skills of hands in children: diagnostics. Three simple tests.

This does not require any complex manuals or items. And it will take quite a bit of time. I want to talk about three simple tests to diagnose the level of development of fine motor skills, which can be done with children of older preschool age at home, and in kindergarten, and in the children's center (authors of tests - N.V. Nizhegorodtseva, V.D. Shadrikov. Psychological and pedagogical readiness of the child for school - Vlados, 2001).

Test 1

The child is sitting at the table. Take a large sheet of paper and ask the child to place his hands so that both palms with fingers apart fit on the sheet of paper. Circle the palms on paper with a pencil. Look together at what you have achieved. And ask the child to put their hands on the paper again so that all the lines match.

Explain the task. Invite your child to play with his fingers. Say: “I will show you the fingers on your hand, and you will only raise the finger that I show. No other fingers need to be raised. Try it - ask the baby to raise his finger: "Pick up this one." Make sure he understands the task correctly.

Now let's start the test. Start with your right hand: “Pull up that finger. And now this one." Sequence of movements: 5-1-2-4-3 (where 1 is the thumb and 5 is the little finger). Then, in the same sequence, do the task on the left hand. Then repeat on the right. And again on the left. Thus, each hand will complete the task twice!

And now the main thing is what you need to follow when doing this task. When the baby tries to raise one finger, others will involuntarily rise. He doesn't want it, but he does it! These extra movements are called synkinesis. Such extra movements occur when the movements of the fingers are not sufficiently differentiated, and therefore the muscles that are unnecessary for this movement are turned on.

When you see synkinesis, then draw each of them with an arrow on paper, drawing a line from the desired finger to the “unnecessary, superfluous” for this movement.

As a result, on paper, by the end of the task, you will have the contours of the palms and drawn lines of extra movements. One extra movement is one arrow.

How to check test results:

1) We count the average number of arrows for each hand, i.e. average number of extra moves. For example, on the right palm we have 6 arrows drawn, and we carried out the task twice. Therefore, 6:2 = 3. That is, the average number of extra finger movements on the right hand is 3.

Similarly, we count the extra movements with the fingers on the left hand - for example, we have drawn 8 arrows. 8:2=4. The average number of extra movements is 4.

2) Add up the resulting numbers. 3 (on the right hand) + 4 (on the left hand) = 7.

What do these results tell us:

• What is the dominant hand of the child. The dominant hand is the hand where the differentiation of finger movements is better developed, and where there are fewer unnecessary finger movements. In our example, this is the right hand.
• What is the level of development of fine movements and their differentiation in a child. Approximate age norms (total average number of extra movements): at 6 years old - 9, at 7 years old - 6, at 8 years old - 5, at 9 years old - 3. For our example: we got the number 7. For a six-year-old child, this good result. But if the child would already be 7 years old, then the result is too low, i.e. in this child, the movements of the fingers are not developed enough.

Now, perhaps, it is clear why children who learn to play the piano and other musical instruments are often much more developed than their peers? After all, they exercise constantly and in fact constantly do finger gymnastics 🙂 and by doing this they develop not only their musical abilities, but also fine motor skills, and sensorimotor coordination, and thinking!

Test 2

Freehand draw an even circle with a diameter of 3-3.5 cm on a sheet of paper with a pencil. Show your pattern to the child. Ask the child to draw the same circle with one movement of the hand (i.e. without taking off).

If the baby has poorly developed fine motor skills, then he cannot complete the task. Typical mistakes:

• Draws an oval.
• Draws a circle, but much smaller than the pattern. This is an indicator of stiffness of the brush.
• Draws with a detachment of the hand, moving it.

Test 3

Observation of drawing and painting coloring pages. It is believed that coloring pictures is a very good exercise for the fingers. But it is not always the case. In order for coloring to develop fine motor skills, it is necessary that the child act correctly. pay attention to typical mistakes, which indicate an insufficient level of development of fine motor skills and that the baby needs a special finger gymnastics and finger exercises.

Typical mistakes in coloring:

• The child constantly turns a piece of paper or a book when coloring a picture.
• The child cannot change the direction of the lines.
• The movements of the child are constrained, the hand is fixed and often clamped.
• The hand and fingers are too sluggish or too tense.

Finger gymnastics - a description of the exercises.

Finger gymnastics can be carried out both without objects and with small objects.

Finger gymnastics: games with clothespins.

Clothespin games develop hand strength, correlating movements. Learning how to use clothespins in games is not very easy for a child. Therefore, you need to take small steps in a certain sequence.

• First, attach clothespins to the edge of a toy bucket or box and teach your child to remove them by simultaneously pressing with two fingers on the tip of the clothespin. Ask to “help mom gather clothespins” and praise the baby for helping. Remember that it is always easier to unfasten clothespins than to attach them. Therefore, it is necessary to start with such exercises of finger gymnastics.
• Then show your baby how the clothespins open their "mouth". Say that you need to press hard on the clothespin so that it opens its mouth. You can call clothespins "crocodiles" and show how our crocodiles open their mouths a lot.
• If the baby is already able to press the clothespin with the necessary force and open and close it, then show other exercises with clothespins and include them in finger gymnastics.

Exercise Options with clothespins for finger development:

• Attach the clothespins to the yellow cardboard circle. Get the sun.
• Attach the needles to the gray semicircle. Get thorns for a hedgehog.
• Attach clothespins to a narrow long triangle. Get the branches of the tree.
• Attach doll clothes with clothespins to the rope after washing it.
• Attach four clothespins to the silhouette of the boy (the clothespins will be his arms and legs)
• Sort clothespins by color by attaching them at the top to the walls of buckets or boxes of different colors (yellow clothespins to a yellow box, red to red)
• Build a "fence" of clothespins, attaching them to a bucket or to a cardboard strip. You can give the task to alternate the clothespins in the fence in a certain sequence so that it turns out beautiful and bright.
• Two white clothespins can be "ears" at the silhouette of a bunny (we give the baby a silhouette of a bunny without ears, and he attaches clothespins - ears with his fingers). Blue clothespins can become raindrops at the cloud (attached at the bottom of the cloud), yellow clothespins can become the fin and tail of a goldfish (attached to the silhouette of a fish) or the tail of a bird (attached to the silhouette of a bird without a tail). If you attach clothespins to a circle, you get a flower. And if you attach it to a red circle with black dots - the image of a ladybug, then its legs are obtained from clothespins.

Exercise for fingers "Outside - inside"

When the baby gets comfortable with the simplest exercises of finger gymnastics with clothespins, you can give a more difficult task, which requires quick wit and orientation in space.

Stick on clothespins images of different insects (birds, animals) - depending on the topic of the lesson. Ask your child to attach clothespins to the edge of a plastic cup or bucket so that all our characters (for example, insects) are on the outside of the bucket. Attach the clothespin yourself and say: “The sun came out, butterflies, beetles, ladybugs wanted to bask in the sun. Make it so that all the insects sit on the outside of the bucket. In this case, you can not twist the glass! And you can’t move around the glass yourself. Not all kids quickly figure out how to do this.

Then, after a few days, give a similar task to make sure that all insects sit inside the bucket (for example, hide from a bird).

Finger Exercises: Dialogues

More complex finger gymnastics exercises with clothespins are dialogues in which you need to both speak and act with a clothespin at the same time. With the help of clothespins, you can depict different characters who talk to each other, and open the “mouth” of clothespins in the rhythm of the dialogue.

It is possible for such games to stick circles with the image of a character on clothespins, but this is not at all necessary. I recommend using reusable pictures that are easy to change. I fix them with UNU patafix attachment plastic (sold in stationery and hardware stores, hobby centers). This is very convenient: you can always attach the desired cardboard picture for one game, and then after the game, remove it on the same clothespin.

For such finger gymnastics exercises, poems with dialogues short stories with dialogues.

Clothespin games and literacy.

Children 5-7 years old can use clothespins to make thematic rows of words. In tasks of this type, finger gymnastics is combined with the solution of a number of other tasks. For example, make up a series of words on the topic "transport". One clothespin is one word. Clothespins are attached one after another by the tip to one another. The task is to make as long a series of words as possible. You can make rows of words starting with one sound (who has a longer track?) or words from a certain amount syllables.

With the help of colored clothespins, you can also come up with words with a given syllable. For example, the first white clothespin is the syllable "po". If the kid came up with a word that begins with the syllable "po", then he makes up a syllabic scheme of such a word with the help of clothespins. For example, if you attach the next clothespin, the syllable “went”, to the white clothespin “by” at its end, you will get a chain of two clothespins and the word “went”. If you attach two more clothespins to the white clothespin “po”, you get a word of three syllables “dishes” (po + su + yes). The task is to make as many such chains as possible.

You can also play games with sounds using clothespins. Then a picture is attached to the clothespin. For example, forty. What sound does the word "magpie" begin with? That's right, from the sound with (solid consonant sound). And this our magpie - a clothespin will “grab” cards on which objects are depicted that begin with the sound “s” (cheese, lettuce, sun, drying) and take them to their “nest”. And the child chooses the right ones from all the pictures - with a given sound. Accordingly, the "fox" will take pictures from soft sound"l", and the wolf with a solid consonant sound in.

Exercises for the fingers of Maria Montessori.

The games and exercises of Maria Montessori have now gained great popularity, although they have been around for more than a century. A lot of attention in the Montessori system is paid to the motor development of babies and specifically development of fine motor skills. These finger exercises- in fact, the history of finger gymnastics is where it all began. The system of Maria Montessori includes both exercises with special toys and objects, as well as everyday activities in Everyday life- such as cleaning shoes, washing tables, watering flowers, cleaning metal objects (open a bottle of cleaning agent, pour into a cup, close the bottle, clean the object with cotton, rub to a shine with a polishing cloth).

Here I want to talk about several exercises for the development of fine motor skills from the system of Maria Montessori.

1) Frames with clasps. A wooden frame is made, which is covered with a fabric of two halves. It is necessary to correlate these halves and fasten the clasp. A part of the fastener is sewn to each half. Types of fasteners on frames:

a) large buttons,
b) small buttons,
c) buttons,
d) bows,
e) a lace that is threaded into holes,
f) a cord that is wound around a hook,
g) hook and loop,
h) strap fasteners,
i) Velcro fasteners.

2) Feeling board (texture: large - small).

A box is taken with 10 boards measuring 10 by 9 cm, pasted over with rough sandpaper of different five types of texture from coarse-grained to fine-grained (five pairs of the same type of paper). The child's eyes are covered with a bandage. He is looking for pairs by touch. For the first games, you need to take 2-3 pairs of boards, in the future, increase their number.

You can also lay out five boards in a row from the coarsest surface to the finest.

3) Drawer with pieces of fabric.

Material: The box contains pairs of pieces of fabric of different textures (silk, wool, cotton, artificial fiber; smooth and rough; hard and soft; thick and thin; strong, dense and loose. The task is to choose the same piece of fabric (find a pair).

How the exercise is performed: The method of action is palpation with the thumb and forefinger. The exercise is performed with closed eyes.

After doing the exercise: The kid explores the exercises and the fabrics around him - the textiles in the room, the fabrics of his clothes - what they are (smooth or rough, thick or thin).

4) Embroidery on cardboard . You will need sheets of thick cardboard on which the outlines of objects for embroidery are drawn. With dots on the cardboard, mark the places where the needle should be punctured. You also need woolen threads and a thick needle for carpet weaving.

First, an adult helps the baby to make a knot, insert a thread into a needle, and make the first stitches. The first steps are best done hand in hand, then when the child gets comfortable, you can let go of his hand. The exercise is difficult for children, but very useful.

Never throw away such embroideries of babies, appreciate them, find a use for them at home (use them as bookmarks, coasters, postcards), because they are not easy for a child!

5) Box with seeds. In the large compartment of the box are seeds of various plants (pumpkin, sunflower, nasturtium, watermelon, melon and others). Pictures of these plants are attached in small compartments. The child sorts the seeds into the correct small sections of the box. In this exercise, the baby not only exercises in sorting and develops fine motor skills, but also gets acquainted with plants - what they are called, how they differ from each other, what kind of seeds they have.

6) Water exercises.

• Transfusion from teapot into a cup.
• Pouring water into a bottle with a narrow neck using a funnel.
• Watering flowers from a watering can
• Rubbing the leaves of a flower with a sponge moistened with water (for example, ficus leaves).
• Washing the table with soap, sponge and brush (dirty places are wiped with a brush)
• Squeezing the sponge after washing the table or rubbing the leaves of plants.
• Whipping the foam with a whisk (a little liquid soap is poured into the water with a pipette, and it is whipped into a lush foam).
• Washing doll linen and doll clothes, squeezing and hanging to dry on a string with clothespins.

These exercises require a clear sequence of actions and step by step instructions adult. They are not carried out in isolation, but are part of complete system development of children. Their main principle is “help me do it myself”.

Stages of performing finger gymnastics exercises:

Stage 1. First, finger gymnastics exercises are performed with the baby, which help to learn the names of the fingers, teach them to navigate in space - right, left, up, down. These are exercises without words, without dialogues. But this does not mean that an adult is silent during their conduct and only shows the necessary actions. On the contrary, he names the figure (“let's make an elephant”), all the fingers and their location (for example, “show your index finger, put it on the table”, “where is your right hand? Raise the middle finger of your right hand up. Well done!”). In the course of games and exercises, we use short rhymes and nursery rhymes about the object or animal that we are depicting.

Stage 2. After that, you can use finger gymnastics games with dialogues that are more difficult for children, but also more interesting for them, fairy tales with dialogues, depicting objects and characters with the help of hands. Such fairy tales can be composed by yourself together with children. Below I will discuss some finger exercises and figures for such games and fairy tales.

Finger exercises. You can find pictures for them below:

• Bunny. The index and middle fingers are straightened up (these are “ears”), the rest are clenched into a fist.
• Bunny plays the drum same starting position. We take out the drum - we straighten the thumb, it is parallel to the table. With the ring finger and little finger (these are “paws”), the bunny knocks on the drum (on the pad of the thumb). The main thing is that exactly the right fingers - “paws” - should knock, and at that time the “ears” continued to stick up. It's difficult enough. But children always laugh when I tell them: “Oh, and someone’s hare began to drum with his ears !!! No, drum with your paws, bunny. Take care of your ears, they will still be useful to you!
• Goat. The index finger and little finger are straightened (horns), the ring finger and middle finger are bent. The thumb rests on them.
• The goat is running. Palm parallel to the table. The index finger and little finger are straightened and parallel to the table (the horns “look” forward). The middle, thumb and ring fingers are on the table (these are the legs). The goat walks, stepping either with its front legs or with its hind legs (their role is played by one thumb). It is important that the goat's horns do not touch the ground while walking. The exercise is very funny and children like it very much. It is not easy for them. But the guys always laugh a lot when one of them “ran on the ground” and quickly correct the mistake.
• Little man. Index and middle fingers "go" on the table.
• Baby elephant. Palm parallel to the table. The middle finger is a trunk, it “looks forward” and is parallel to the table. The little finger and thumb are pressed to the palm (while the thumb lies on the little finger). Index and ring fingers "go" on the table.
• Glasses. Fold the thumb and index finger of each hand into rings. All other fingers are straightened and look up. Bring glasses to your eyes and look into them.
• Start the engine. Interlock all fingers except the thumb in the lock. At the signal of an adult "Motor!" thumbs begin to spin around each other (we start the engine). At the same time, the baby says some kind of sound (for example, zhzhzhzhzhzh or rrrrrr). The motor spins for as long as the sound lasts. The task is to “ride” as long as possible, i.e. speak sound. The exercise develops not only fine motor skills, but also speech breathing and allows you to automate the pronunciation of the desired sound.

Here are approximate figures that can be depicted with the help of fingers in dialogues and fairy tales.

Finger gymnastics - finger riddles.

Play finger puzzles with the kids. You show the figure with your fingers, and they guess what kind of object it is and repeat your movement. First, you show the figures, and then the children. You can create your own figures. The figures should be understandable and recognizable by children.

Here are some more finger figures for such puzzle games.

Finger gymnastics - shadow finger theater.

Very useful for the development of fine motor skills and shadow finger theater. The figure at the beginning of the article and below are diagrams of figures that can be used to show fairy tales in such a theater.

Finger exercises - some useful ideas

from the winners of the competition of our Internet Workshop of educational games "Through the game - to success!"

Tatiana Smirnova.

1. The game "Spiral" for the development of fine motor skills and tactile sensations.

The game "Spiral" is of a competitive nature - whose butterfly gets to the flower first. “It doesn’t crawl and doesn’t run - it circles over the flower. A coil follows a coil - so I sat on a flower! Tatyana took the idea of ​​this game from the book “ Speech therapy games with the ball "T.A. Vorobieva and O.I. Krupenchuk.

The game is made of calico with synthetic filler. Spiral - crocheted from woolen threads. The flower and butterfly are made of oilcloth and decorated with buttons and beads. You can roll the ball in a spiral with different fingers.

2. Benefit - track with removable letters.

Rolling the ball, the child reads the words in one direction or the other. Examples of words: Cossack flood, madam, lump, order, tramp, income.

Maria Tragaryuk. vegetable garden.

Modeling is an activity that develops fingers very well. Here is a vegetable garden made of self-hardening plastic by Maria and her daughter. The layout is a garden for games.

Olga Makhaneva. Bucket for finger games with clothespins and mosaic.

You can get acquainted with other works and ideas of the Workshop participants in our Vkontakte group “Child Development from Birth to School” (group photo albums).

If this article turned out to be necessary, interesting and useful for you, I will be very grateful if you share your opinion in the comments. I also invite you to share your experience in the comments. How do you develop fine motor skills in children? Did they do it on purpose? What kind of games and exercises do you like and love your baby the most?