Which electricity meter should I install? Which electricity meter is best to install in an apartment - expert advice

It is difficult to even imagine the life of a modern person without electricity. At the same time, there is a steady trend towards an increase in the saturation of everyday life, even for an average-income family, with electrical appliances. Therefore, bills for consumed energy always occupy one of the important expense items in the home budget.

In order not to have problems with the company that supplies electricity, and at the same time not to pay too much, that is, to give your hard-earned money exclusively for real consumption, you need to have an accurate and reliable meter. Moreover, some devices also allow you to hope for a certain gain when using preferential tariffs. That is, the purchase of a metering device should be treated with maximum responsibility.

Therefore, let's look at the question of which electricity meter is best to install in an apartment.

What circumstances may force you to choose a new electric meter?

Electric meters are devices with a very long service life. They can serve faithfully for decades. However, sooner or later there comes a time when this energy meter requires replacement.

Let's make a reservation right away. Unfortunately, existing legislation does not give a completely clear idea of ​​who should be responsible for the financial side in an apartment in a multi-storey building. There are many interpretations, with various manifestations of legal casuistry. There are many cases proposed for consideration where the obligation to purchase was assigned either to the residents, or to the management company, or to the electricity supplier. Sometimes these issues are regulated by local legislation or are specifically stipulated in contracts or other documents. In any case, before purchasing a meter yourself, it would be wise to clarify this issue directly on the spot.

This is not what our publication is about. We will discuss below those cases when the purchase of a metering device is required by apartment owners.

So, in what cases may it be necessary to replace an electric meter?

• No matter how reliable and accurate the meter may seem, and no matter how satisfied the owners are with it, it will have to be replaced with a new one if its service life established by the manufacturer has expired. These periods are considerable - they reach thirty years or more, but they still end sooner or later. Usually the date of manufacture is indicated both in the passport and on the body of the electric meter.

• The meter has failed - naturally, immediate replacement is required. True, if the warranty period for the device has not expired, it must be replaced with a working one, or the costs of purchasing a new one must be reimbursed.
• For one reason or another, the meter showed mechanical damage to the housing or glass, signs of burglary or other vandalism. Litigation for reasons most likely cannot be avoided, but a replacement will definitely have to be made.
• The inspection interval established by the manufacturer or local energy supplier has been exceeded by more than two years. Even if the meter gives no reason to doubt the accuracy of the readings, it will most likely be forced to be replaced.

• The technical characteristics of the device are no longer satisfactory or modern requirements, or actual conditions of use. For example, devices with accuracy class 2.5 and worse are completely taken out of service. According to current legislation, replacement is mandatory during scheduled inspections - it is allowed to use the old ones before the expiration of the inspection interval. Another option for discrepancy in characteristics is that the indicators of the old meter in terms of permissible current no longer suit the owners due to the increased load.
• The owners want to switch to a system of differentiated energy consumption metering and, accordingly, install a meter with such functions.
• A planned general replacement of all metering devices in this apartment building is also possible. However, in this case, all costs will most likely be borne by either the management company or the energy supplier. And most likely, owners will not be given the opportunity to independently select a meter.

What criteria must an electricity meter meet?

So, you need to purchase a new meter. Even before going to the store, you should determine the range of criteria by which the device will be selected.

These include the following:

• The principle of operation of the meter, that is, the type of its design.
• Number of phases.
• Acceptable current values.
• The absence or presence of the possibility of differentiated metering of energy consumption.
• Instrument accuracy class.
• Layout and method of fastening.
• Device release date.
• Established inspection interval.

Each of these parameters is important in its own way. Below we will talk in more detail about each of them.

Evaluation of the metering device when choosing

Meter design type

There are only two types, differing in operating principle.

• Induction mechanical meters were once ubiquitous and familiar to everyone. The electric current passing through the meter induces an electromagnetic field, which causes the disk, which is probably so familiar to everyone, to rotate. Each revolution of the disk corresponds to a certain amount of current consumed. The rotation of the disk is mechanically transmitted to a counting device, from which the owners read the readings.

Such devices are highly reliable - they last for decades without requiring repairs. Their cost is also low, which often becomes a decisive selection criterion. Disadvantages include large measurement errors. However, modern models of such metering devices fit well into the established accuracy standards.

• In electronic meters, “information processing” is carried out by a special processor circuit. The passage of current generates a pulse signal, which is transmitted to the adding device. This allows you to significantly increase the accuracy of measurements and reduce the dimensions of the device itself. However, in size, many electronic meters are in no way inferior to induction ones.

Indications may vary. In many models, the usual mechanical type circuit is retained, with a set of “wheels” scales, by analogy with induction devices. In others, almost similar in other characteristics, a digital display is installed.

Everyone decides for themselves when choosing a display system (unless, of course, we're talking about about a single-tariff device) - whatever is more convenient for him. For example, it is believed that for switchboards located on the street, it is better to purchase a model with an electromechanical indication. For devices that will be installed indoors, there is no difference, but it is more convenient to read readings from a digital display.

The disadvantages of electronic meters are their shorter service life, and this is against the backdrop of a higher price for the device itself. However, judging by the technical characteristics of popular models, this accusation is completely unfounded, and high-quality electronic meters serve no less than induction ones.

There is no need to wait for clear recommendations. But if the load in the apartment is low and the average monthly consumption is small, then it is quite possible to purchase a regular inexpensive induction device. If consumption is quite high and, naturally, if you want to switch to differentiated tariffs, you purchase an electronic one.

Number of phases

Devices can be designed for operation in single-phase network 220 V, or three-phase - 380 V. As a rule, since we are talking about apartments, three-phase options are not considered.

True, the apartment can be in a “house on the ground”. In this case, you will have to clarify which network is being used.

By the way, a three-phase meter is quite capable of operating in a 220 volt network. But reverse replacement is impossible.

Device current class

Here we must proceed from real needs and the diameter of the wiring that fits the meter. Many older models of metering devices were designed for low simultaneous loads, and often this circumstance becomes the reason for the need for replacement.

They can be produced with permissible current ranges from 5 to 80 amperes. For three-phase ones, this figure can reach up to 100.

As a rule, for an apartment with quite serious equipment household appliances The best option is to purchase a meter with current ranges from 5 to 50 amperes. This corresponds to a copper wire with a diameter of 6 mm. It is very difficult to imagine a situation where a simultaneous load in an apartment will require more than 10 kW (and 50 amperes at 220 volts is even about 11 kW of power).

No one is stopping you from purchasing a meter with higher permissible current ratings. The question is how justified this will be, since the cost of the device will become significantly higher.

Possibility of differentiated consumption metering

This is also one of common reasons purchasing a new meter. Apartment owners come to the conclusion that it would be more profitable for them to switch to a differentiated payment scheme for consumed energy. Therefore, the device itself must have a similar function.

Such meters can be two-tariff and multi-tariff. What is the difference?

It is clear that it is able to keep track of consumption only for two periods - night and day. A more complex option also provides, for example, for dividing the daily period into peak and semi-peak consumption zones. That is, in such devices it is possible to use three or even more (in some models - up to eight) separate accounting periods, both by hour of the day and by day of the week.

It is clear that electric meters with differentiated consumption metering will cost much more than conventional ones. How justified are both such a purchase and the transition to a similar type of payment for electricity? It would seem that the money spent on the purchase should soon pay off.

It is impossible to give universal recommendations on this matter. The owners of the apartment must make a decision themselves, but before that, carefully analyze the normal way of life that has developed in the family. Consider which appliances use them for maximum energy consumption, and how you can change their operating mode in order to achieve savings through lower tariffs. The fact is that in some regions tariff plans are designed in such a way that a decrease in the “night” cost of a kilowatt is accompanied by an increase in the “day” cost, which becomes higher than the usual “flat scale” tariff. It is possible that you may not only not benefit from such a transition, but also receive more serious bills to pay.

For example, look at the tariffs of one of the central regions of Russia for 2018:

Note: Electricity tariffs by region of the country may vary significantly. The table above is provided as an example only.

Look here. If you don’t actively use the most powerful electrical appliances in terms of energy consumption at night, then you won’t see any benefit at all, and you can even work at a loss.

For example, modern ones have a very low consumption class. There is no point in running electric heaters at full power at night - the heat is not conducive to healthy sleep. That is, tangible savings can only be achieved if washing is postponed overnight (if possible), heating of a large volume of water in the boiler, and operation of the dishwasher.

Electric meter accuracy class

This parameter is regulated by Chapter X of the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 4, 2012, as last amended as of December 30, 2017. In particular, Article 138 states that consumer consumption meters must have an accuracy class of at least “2”. Collective metering meters in apartment buildings(on the section of areas of competence of network management and intra-house networks) – class no less than “1”, but this is no longer relevant to a specific apartment.

If, at the time of entry into force of this legislative act, a meter with a lower accuracy class (for example, “2.5”) was installed, then it is allowed to operate until the end of the inspection interval, the complete expiration of its service life, or until it fails (whichever comes first) . And then – it is still necessary to replace it with a class of at least 2.

By the way, meters with a lower accuracy class have already been discontinued, and it is still impossible to purchase and install them.

Is it worth pursuing a higher class for “1” or even “0.5”? To be honest, this doesn't make much sense if the average consumption level is low. The accuracy class shows the possible error of the device, expressed as a percentage. That is, for example, with a consumption of 120 kW, the error can be only 2.4 kW per month - completely insignificant. Moreover, the discrepancy may even be in favor of the consumer.

It’s a different matter if you have to operate with more significant indicators of consumption. For example, with 1000 kW, the error not in favor of the owners can amount to all 20 kW. This means there is something to think about.

One more nuance. The Government Resolution mentioned above is the main document. That is, no one has the right to force the apartment owner to purchase a meter of a higher accuracy class if it seems unprofitable to him for reasons of the cost of the device. He has every right to limit himself to “two”.

The layout of the meter and the method of its installation in a panel or cabinet

Almost all of the old images had a common characteristic shape. This is a cylindrical block placed on a trapezoidal platform. Many models have retained this layout - convenient if the device has to be installed in an old-style electrical panel.

Such devices are fastened with three screws located at the vertices of a triangle, the dimensions of which are established by the standard. The shield has counter holes, and installation is carried out without much difficulty.

Another option is meters designed for installation in more modern electrical panels on a DIN rail. Such devices are usually rectangular box-shaped, and at the back they have a special groove with a latch. Installation of such models is even easier.

By the way, many device manufacturers practice producing meters that are completely identical in their operational parameters, but differ precisely in the layout and method of installation in the panel (cabinet).

The required option, of course, is selected taking into account the specific location where the meter will be installed.

Meter release date and test interval

In accordance with current rules, any electricity metering device, after assembly in production, undergoes mandatory state verification of measurement accuracy. After this, the device is sealed with a seal indicating the date of inspection. When purchasing, be sure to pay attention to the integrity of this seal. Otherwise, employees of the energy supplier company have the right to refuse to install and register the meter.

Next important point. There are time limits within which issued meters can be installed without additional inspection. For single-phase metering devices it is two years, for three-phase meters it is one year.

That is, when purchasing a meter, the date of its release must be checked. If the device is “overdue,” then it will either be refused installation, or you will have to send it for an unscheduled inspection, naturally, at your own expense.

It wouldn’t hurt to clarify the inspection interval established by the manufacturer. For some electronic type meters it is relatively small, that is scheduled checks will be held more often. Induction models are more convenient in this regard, since their interval can reach 16 years.

Additional meter selection criteria

It is clear that such devices should be purchased exclusively in specialized stores. Often, an energy supplier company offers a certain range of devices - this can be clarified, for example, on its website. If there is no such information resource, then you should still ask the company’s employees which devices they recommend for installation and which they simply will not deal with.

• The completeness of the device must be checked. Any meter is accompanied by a passport (form) with a stamp indicating that it has passed control. The document must be completed and certified in the prescribed manner. The form must specify both the maximum service life of the device and the value of the inspection interval.

• Any energy meter, no matter whether it is domestic or foreign, must be listed in the State Register, that is, be certified and approved for use on the territory of the Russian Federation.
• When choosing a device, you can pay attention to some additional points:

The meter can be designed for any operating temperatures or only for installation in a heated room.

Some devices show quite sensitive noise levels. If this is important, that is, the meter will be installed in a residential area, then this point should be clarified when choosing.

It is possible that the energy supplier company has implemented or is planning to introduce an automatic consumption metering system in the near future. This means that you will need to purchase a meter with built-in feedback channels (GSM, IP or PLS). This point should also be clarified in advance so that you do not have to purchase a more advanced device in the near future.

Modern meter models can be equipped with additional functions. This includes the ability to take instant current readings of voltage, current, active and reactive power. The built-in memory cells of the device can store information about energy consumption by month - this option is sometimes useful for resolving conflicts. The memory can also keep a so-called “event log” in which, for example, the date and time of peak load, power surges in the network or a complete shutdown, the time the device was opened or attempted unauthorized interference with the operation of the device, etc. will be recorded.

It should be correctly understood that any additional option is an “add-on” to the cost of the metering device. But as practice shows, most of these “bells and whistles” remain unclaimed by the consumer, and, therefore, do not justify these extra costs.

• And one moment. Purchasing an electric meter for an apartment is just that pleasant case when there is no need to look for an imported model. Devices produced by Russian companies are highly reliable and durable, and at the same time have a very affordable price.

A short overview of popular models of electric meters for apartments

Single tariff devices

Induction meter SO-EU-10 10-40A

A model that has stood the test of time and is still in mass production, despite the development of new technologies. Classic scheme of the usual induction meter. Produced by several domestic companies.

The device records consumption in a single-phase network, naturally, only with a single-tariff plan. It has a sufficient accuracy class - “2”.

Rated current – ​​from 10 to 40 A. Housing protection class – IP51. Operating temperature range – from – 20 to + 55 degrees.

Designed for conventional installation in a panel using three screws. The weight of the device is no more than 1.2 kg.

The manufacturer provides a 24-month warranty on the device. The established service life is 32 years. Intervalidation interval is 16 years.

Such characteristics, along with the low price, are often quite sufficient for installing the device in an apartment.

TsE2726 - SOLO (5-60A)

The layout is very similar to the previous model, but this is an electronic pulse device with an electromechanical indication of readings.

The meter is single tariff, with accuracy class “1”. Permissible current – ​​up to 60 A.

Extended operating temperature range – from – 40 to + 60 degrees. Housing protection class – IP52. Standard sizes for installation in a panel with screw fastenings. The weight of the device is no more than 1.3 kg.

The manufacturer provides a warranty of 36 months. The established service life is at least 30 years, with an inspection interval of 16 years.

Neva 103 1SO

Single-tariff electronic device with electromechanical seven-digit reading indicators. A very compact, easy-to-use model that has gained wide popularity among consumers.

The accuracy class of the device is “1”, the maximum current is up to 60 A. It is allowed to be installed outdoors or in unheated rooms. Good degree of housing protection - IP52

The device is designed for installation in a cabinet on a DIN rail. Professionals note the reliability of the latch, which simplifies installation work, convenient location of terminal connections.

The warranty period of the meter is 24 months, the service life is up to 30 years, the inspection interval is 16 years.

Among the shortcomings, some users point out quite audible clicks when the device is operating.

Mercury 201.8

Also a single-tariff meter, but with a liquid crystal display. Characterized by excellent performance indicators.

Accuracy class – “1”. The permissible maximum current is 80 A.

It is characterized by increased resistance to adverse operating conditions - temperature range from - 45 to + 70 degrees, humidity - up to 90%. Taking readings is facilitated by the presence of a special LED display backlight, which can be turned on if necessary.

Compact housing, convenient screw terminals for connecting wiring. The device is designed for installation on a DIN rail.

Service life is estimated at 30 years or more. Intervalidation interval is 16 years.

The only disadvantage we can note is the lack of ability to connect to a telemetric energy consumption metering system.

Multi-tariff meters

Line of ESR meters - 55

It’s not in vain that it’s said about the line, since it includes several models (8 in total), similar in their performance characteristics, but differing in layout and installation method. All this is the product of the well-known company MZEP (Moscow Electrical Instruments Plant).

SOE-55 devices of 50T models have the ability to keep records at four tariffs. The maximum current for them is set to 50 A, but 60Sh-T devices have expanded capabilities. This also applies to the maximum current - up to 60 A, and the number of separate readings - up to eight.

All devices in the line have accuracy class “1” and are equipped with an LCD display. Differences may be in the housing design. Thus, housings No. 1 and No. 4 are for installation on panels with screw fastening. Cases No. 3 and No. 2 – for installation in cabinets on a DIN rail. The weight of the devices is small - depending on the design of the case - from 0.6 to 0.8 kg.

The manufacturer gives a very “weighty” guarantee for soya devices - 3.5 years. The service life of the meters is 321 years with an inspection interval of 16 years.

Energy meter CE102M S7 145-JV

A modern metering device with additional functions. It has proven itself well in networks with multi-tariff consumption payments.

The model is characterized by increased versatility and is capable of working in the most unfavorable conditions. Operating temperature: from – 45 to + 70 degrees. The permissible level of air humidity is up to 98%.

The device is capable of maintaining separate accounting at eight tariffs with a host of other interesting features that are available with individual programming. In addition, it is equipped with non-volatile memory that stores monthly and daily consumption levels, balances according to the limit (if it is set). Readings can be taken even when the network is completely de-energized. LED backlighting is provided for easy data reading. The meter is initially equipped with a feedback interface for connecting to an automatic data accounting system. There is a built-in protective voltage relay.

The warranty period of the device is 5 years. The established service life is at least 32 years, with an inspection interval of 16 years.

Installation – screw on the shield.

Mercury 200

A very popular line that allows you to keep separate records of energy consumption at four tariffs. There are three models on sale (02, 04 and 05), identical in all their main characteristics and differing only in the type of feedback interface. That is, any of them can work in an automatic consumption metering system.

The accuracy class of the device is “1”. Permissible maximum current - up to 60 A. Built-in protection system.

Operating temperature: from – 40 to + 55 degrees.

There is a non-volatile memory with recording of readings for the last 11 months. The possibility of individual programming of the device is provided, taking into account possible “subtleties” of tariff plans.

The service life is estimated at 30 years, with a manufacturer's warranty for the first three years. The intercheck interval is 16 years.

The meter is designed for installation in a cabinet on a DIN rail. The weight of the device is only 600 grams.

One of the disadvantages is the lack of display backlight, which in certain conditions makes it somewhat difficult to take readings.

So, the main issues related to choosing the optimal electricity meter for an apartment were considered. We hope the information received will be useful in purchasing the most suitable model.

The information in the article will be supplemented by a video about the electronic multi-tariff meter “Neva”

Video: Electronic multi-tariff electricity consumption meter NEVA MT113

To record the amount of electricity consumed per industrial enterprises or at home, an electric meter is installed. This is a requirement. Considering this, it is important to implement right choice this item. This article will help you pay attention to the key points on how to choose an electric meter.

It is worth highlighting the main types of meters, which differ in operating principles:

• Induction. This type has a relatively simple operating principle. First, an alternating voltage is applied to the parallel winding. Afterwards it flows to the next coil. The disk rotates under the influence of the emerging magnetic field between two electromagnetic coils. The rotation speed of the disk depends on the current strength. If speak about positive aspects such a unit means reliability, affordable price, and long service life. As for the induction type accuracy coefficient, it does not exceed class 2.
• Electronic. When measuring electricity consumption data, all information is displayed on a digital display. The advantages of such an electric meter are that it is possible to maintain multi-tariff accounting, and it has a compact size. Thanks to the availability of standard interfaces, installation can be carried out in an automated commercial accounting system.

Accuracy class refers to the error in readings, which is expressed as a percentage. On the device panel you can see a symbol in a circle. This is precisely the accuracy class. Until recently, this figure was 2.5% in almost all cases. Nowadays, meters cannot be installed in apartments/houses with such an error. Instead, a device with an error of 2% is used. This value is the maximum allowable. On sale you can find devices with accuracy values ​​of 0.2, 0.5 and 1.

For example, induction energy meters have an error rate of 2%. Their service life is up to 25 years. If the voltage is minimal at night, the accuracy will decrease.

In the near future, a bill of the Russian Federation will be adopted, which states that electric meters can be used with an accuracy class of no more than 1%. Therefore, if you are now faced with a choice, consider this fact.

Single phase or three phase

Another nuance that must be taken into account when choosing an electric meter is the phase pattern. This parameter determines the electrical network you are using. If a wire with two cores is connected to the input circuit breaker, then it is single-phase; accordingly, choose a single-phase type for 220V. If the wire consists of four cores, then a three-phase type with a voltage of 380V will be required. The voltage in both cases is indicated on the instrument panel.

A three-phase meter can also be installed on one phase. In this case, the measurements will be correct. The only difference is the cost. A three-phase unit is more expensive.

To level out peaks in electricity consumption, a multi-tariff metering system was introduced. In particular, the two-tariff system encourages the use of electricity mainly at night. During this period, the cost of consumed electricity decreases. Based on this fact, be sure to analyze at what time of day you will primarily use electricity a lot.

For example, if you have electric heated floors and you mainly plan to use them at night, then a two-tariff meter will help you save significantly. However, there is another side to the coin - a single tariff is more durable. In addition, for two-tariff devices in the near future, the daily cost of electricity will be higher than for single-tariff devices.

When choosing a single-phase meter, its production date should be no more than two years. If this indicator exceeds 2 years, then such a meter will not be registered. Moreover, it is necessary to verify the device or even purchase a new one. As for a three-phase device, this figure is even less - up to one year. You can find the release date in your passport or on the device panel.

Maximum and rated (base) current

Another nuance that is taken into account when choosing a meter is the rated and maximum current. So, to find out the maximum current, look at the power supply project, which indicates the maximum input current on the machine. If a banal replacement of an electricity meter is being carried out, then look at this indicator on the old device. Choose a new one with a higher maximum current. Those are there if you have it introductory machine at 32A, then a new unit at less than 40A will be required.

So, based on this information, you can already know approximately what kind of electricity consumption meter you will need for your home or apartment. We hope that the information provided will help you understand this difficult matter. To help you learn how to choose the right electric meter, we also offer you to watch videos.

Video

Sooner or later, the moment always comes when you need to think about replacing your electricity meter. There are many reasons - an old meter may outlive the period set by the manufacturer, become unusable, cease to meet the requirements of an existing or modernized home electrical network, or simply not fit into the apartment interior. There is another reason that encourages owners to decide to replace this device - a differentiated tariff system for electricity consumption.

That is why they have become increasingly in demand among consumers. electricity meters two-tariff how to choose which will be recommended in this publication.

What is a multi-tariff accounting system

Video: what are multi-tariffs for? counters

Parameters for selecting a meter with separate tariffication

Before you start choosing an electricity meter with separate tariffication, you need to: Firstly, find out exactly whether a differentiated payment system operates in a particular locality. A multi-tariff meter costs much more than a regular one, and therefore its purchase should be justified.

Moreover, it is also necessary to clarify the number of tariff levels - as we have already seen above given For example, there may be two or more. It is possible that this gradation may increase even more - for example, with separate accounting on weekdays and weekends or even by seasons - similar experiments are being carried out, and in some places in European countries this has already been implemented. Some models of modern meters have a fairly large technological backlog - the electronic circuit allows you to program their operation with separate accounting in 8 or even 12 different modes.

Type of meter based on operating principle

All electricity meters can be divided into two large groups - induction and electronic.

Induction meters are familiar to everyone - they were the ones that were installed everywhere until recently. The consumed current passing through the coils of the meter created an electromagnetic field, due to which the disk connected to the mechanical counting device rotated. Each revolution of the disk corresponded to a certain amount of energy consumed.

Electronic meters have a different operating principle. Semiconductor elements of the circuit convert the passing current of a certain voltage into a pulse signal, which is transmitted to the counting device.

The indication can be provided electromechanically - the same wheels with numbers as on an induction meter, but with rotation transmitted through a stepper electric drive that responds to impulses generated by the circuit. Another, more modern option is an electronic digital display.

It is quite clear that multi-tariff meters can have an exclusively electronic operating principle and digital display. By the way, this limits them by location. Liquid crystal displays require a certain “microclimate” for correct operation, and in conditions low temperatures or direct sunlight, they may simply stop displaying information, although the meter circuit itself will still properly calculate consumption. Therefore, if you plan to install a new meter in a private house, you should plan to place it exclusively indoors.

Meter accuracy class

This indicator indicates the permissible error of the device, expressed as a percentage. The vast majority of induction meters belonged to the “2.5” class.

Electronic devices in this regard are, of course, more accurate, and have classes “2”, “1”, “0.5” and even higher. The accuracy class is always indicated in technical documentation

, and on the device itself - a pictogram is usually used in the form of a number enclosed in a circle. Of course, the higher the accuracy class, the more expensive the device. And here it is important to know one subtlety so as not to overpay when buying too much. Electricity network workers may unreasonably demand the purchase of a meter with inflated indicators - “1” or even “0.5”. However, on this score there is legislative act

, which clearly establishes the requirements for such devices. In the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 442 of May 4, 2012, which regulates retail electricity markets, it is determined that for private consumers, citizens living in multi-storey apartments, private houses, an accuracy class of “2” or higher is established. Class “1” is required only at the entrance to a multi-apartment residential building or if the total load power exceeds 670 kW, which simply does not happen in private housing. There is one more nuance. The same Resolution (Article 142) established that even if the meter standing in the apartment at the time of adoption of this document has a lower accuracy class, then its replacement will be mandatory only after the expiration of the term inter-verification

Demands of electric network workers to replace the meter with a more accurate one, class “1” or within a previously established period, without the desire of the homeowner, are illegal.

Single-phase, three-phase, maximum current

Most city apartments and private houses are connected to a single-phase network 220 V, 50 Nz. Accordingly, the meter must meet these indicators. However, there are also connections to a three-phase 380 V network, for example, in apartments with stationary electric stoves or systems provided for by the design of a particular building electric heating. This will be indicated by special sockets and plugs on the cables of powerful electrical appliances, which differ from the usual connection points.

In such cases, you will have to select a three-phase meter. By the way, many private developers often create a kind of “energy reserve” by immediately connecting their houses to a three-phase network - this significantly expands the possibilities of application household appliances and powerful power tools in the future. Many models of modern three-phase meters can be connected to work with a single-phase network, which significantly increases their versatility.

For each meter, the rated and maximum load current indicators are determined. As a rule, they are designed for a maximum permissible value of up to 60 A, which approximately corresponds to a total load of 10 kW - this is quite sufficient for almost any private home with a large margin. If the calculation shows that the total power consumption is above 10 kW, then you should purchase a meter with a maximum current value of 100 A. Such devices have a direct principle of connecting to the network, without additional converters. If a load exceeding 100 A is still planned, then it will also be necessary through a special device - transformer current.

Voltage, rated and maximum current indicators are also always indicated in the device data sheet and on its front panel.

Availability and type of communication interfaces

Further prospects for the development of power grids include the introduction of automated consumption metering systems, and in some regions the practical implementation of such developments is already underway on an experimental basis. Communication channels are organized, transmitting first to local stations, and then to a single center of meter readings, including for other types of consumed resources (water, gas). The power lines themselves can be used as feedback channels (via PLC-modem), IP or GSM– networks.

In any case, it would be a good idea to ask the local energy supply organization about the planned upgrades, so that, if necessary, you can purchase one with a similar function built into it, so that you don’t have to buy another one when putting such a system into operation.

Additional options meter

Modern electronic meters, in addition to separate tariffs, may have a number of other additional options. These include entering monthly consumption indicators into memory cells, which can be convenient, for example, when conflicts arise with energy supply organizations. In some cases, this data can be transferred to a computer. Some meters can be used to take instantaneous indicators - consumed current, voltage or active (reactive) power at a specific moment in time, thus performing the function of a multimeter. The built-in “event log” can reflect peak consumption points, power surges or lack thereof, attempts and time of opening the device, phase changes, exposure to an electromagnetic field and other actions.

As practice shows, most of the built-in functions for the average consumer remain unclaimed.

Varieties by type of installation

When choosing a meter, be sure to take into account its design features regarding the method of its installation in the distribution board.

All old metering devices were installed using standard screw fastenings at three points - the top and two bottom. For this purpose, mounting holes or brackets with standardized distances between them were provided on the devices themselves, and on the panels there were corresponding threaded sockets or places for screwing in fasteners.

Some electronic meters are produced in housings that are designed specifically for this type of installation. This is the best choice, if an old design switchboard is installed in the apartment (entrance).

A more modern option for mounting a switchboard with a metering device is installation on a DIN rail. In this case, there is a figured groove on the back of the counter from the clamps, using which it is mounted on a standard profile metal rail.

Some models provide the possibility of both types of fastening. In addition, the same electronic circuit of a metering device can be housed in different housings. For example, the fairly popular two-tariff meter SOE -55 is available in four versions, with housings from “1” to “4”, which differ in appearance, dimensions, and mounting method.

During the construction of private housing or when major renovation In apartments, preference is increasingly being given to modern plastic boxes for external or built-in (wall-mounted) placement, with mounting of meters, circuit breakers, and other devices on DIN rails.

Prices for electricity meters

Electricity meters

What to pay special attention to when purchasing counter

• First of all, the “golden” rule should work here - never, under any circumstances, purchase such devices from random people, in markets or in obscure organizations that do not have the appropriate state certification. What would neither seemed favorable conditions shopping like would neither the sellers convinced you nor showed the product passports certified by seals - such a deal should be resolutely rejected. Moreover, you should not even consider the issue if it is proposed to purchase a used device.

Probably the most reasonable approach to this issue would be to contact your local energy sales organization. They will probably either offer to purchase a meter from them, or they will tell you which manufacturers’ models are recommended for installation. Very often such information is posted on official websites. supplier companies electricity.

• Selected meter model, independent - domestic or imported, must be on the State Register list, that is, be fully certified and approved for sale and operation on the territory of the Russian Federation.

• When purchasing a meter, be sure to check its completeness - original packaging, electronic parts, housing with fasteners, technical data sheet of the product with a specific factory serial number.
• Attention is immediately drawn to the presence, safety and clarity of factory seals. If you suspect a violation, you should take another product.

• When familiarizing yourself with the accompanying counter technical documents The product release date, established warranty periods and, of course, the inspection interval are checked. The technical form must contain a quality control mark for the product.
• The operating instructions for the device should clarify the permissible modes of its operation - this is especially important when the switchboard is planned to be installed in an unheated room.
• It is not recommended to carry out a counter survey - for this it is better to invite a specialist with access to work of this type. In any case, after installing the device, it is mandatory to call the employees of the energy supply company, who must check the correct connection, register it, carry out their own sealing of the device, configure it in accordance with the current tariff policy, and give it to the owner detailed instructions on the rules for taking readings and on other important issues related to the operation of a particular model. The installation of the meter is also noted in its technical form, indicating the date for its next verification.

Popular models of meters with differentiated tariffs

In conclusion, without pursuing any advertising purposes, but only as an example, here are several models of meters with multi-tariff metering function, which are quite popular and have earned positive reviews from both electricity consumers and specialists.

ESR - 55

These are products of the Moscow Electrical Instruments Plant (MZEP). The SOE - 55 line includes 8 models, differing in the design of the housing and a number of technical characteristics.

Models 50 Ш are designed for a maximum current consumption of 50 A and have the possibility of four-level tariffication. Meters 60 Ш are more powerful, up to 60 A, and the number of levels has been increased to 8.

Some models (60 Sh-T -415 Ohm and 60 Sh-T-213 Ohm) have a built-in power limiter - a residual current device (RCD). 60 Ш meters have a function for instant measurement of power network parameters - voltage, current, power consumption and frequency.

The accuracy class of the entire model range is “1”.

The intercheck interval of devices is set at 16 years, and their estimated service life is 32 years. The manufacturer's warranty is 42 months.

Housings “1” and “4” are convenient for replacing metering devices on old electrical panels - their fastenings comply with these standards. Models with housings “2” and “3” are designed for DIN rail mounting. Weight, depending on the type of case, from 300 to 600 g.

"Mercury - 200"

This ruler counter V It includes three models (“02”, “04” and “05”), the main difference between which is the interfaces for external communication. In general specifications similar.

Although "Mercury - 200" is a fairly new development - it is more than 10 years old, nevertheless these meters are in great demand.

Instrument accuracy class is “1”. Intervalidation interval is 16 years. The warranty period is 3 years, and the estimated period of use is 30 years.

The meters allow you to maintain differentiated accounting at 4 tariffs, and it is possible to separately record indicators both by day of the week and by month of the year. You can enter, if necessary, holidays into the built-in electronic calendar.

The meters are designed for installation on a DIN rail, their weight is no more than 600 g.

"Energy meter - SE-102"

The Energomera - CE -102 meter, which has earned many positive reviews, is the own development of the Stavropol company that produces it.

It supports eight-level billing with storage of readings for the last 13 months. The electronic display displays the current time and date, the currently valid tariff, the remaining limit (if installed), active power, voltage and current.

The electronic circuit of the device allows you to make a number of additional settings, for example, up to 32 days of exceptions (for example, holidays), the breakdown of one day into up to 16 tariff zones, automatic transition to “summer” time, setting the built-in response threshold and others.

The meters are available for both conventional placement and DIN rail mounting.

The accuracy class of the device is “1”. Average operating time electronic circuit failure time is 160 thousand hours. Intervalidation interval is 16 years. The manufacturer provides the product with a solid 5-year warranty.

Features of the Energomera - CE-102 devices, in addition, are an electronic seal, three communication interfaces - PLC, radio modem and RS-485, an infrared port for programming and data transfer, a reliable data protection system from unauthorized access.

The multi-tariff meters of the “Neva” line are also of interest, which you can learn about by watching the attached video:

Video: multi-tariff meters "Neva"

The decision about which electric meter is best to install in an apartment must be made at an early stage of planning the installation of electrical equipment.

Once you have purchased the device, you will not be able to return it, since the equipment passport contains a mark that includes the seal of the government agency and the serial number. The only situation when returning an electric meter is possible is a manufacturing defect.

Criterias of choice

When choosing an electric meter, you will have to rely not on personal preferences, but look for a device whose characteristics are suitable for the parameters of a particular electrical wiring.

Significant characteristics of the electric meter:

• type of design;
• number of phases;
• device current class;
• presence or absence of multiple tariffs;
• accuracy of electricity consumption calculations;
• method of fixing the device;
• terms of Use;
• date of manufacture;
• time of last reconciliation;
• interverification interval.

The defining parameters include the first four from the list above. Other criteria are secondary.

Type of design

It is better to start the story about how to choose an electricity meter for an apartment with information about the technical device of a potential purchase.

There are three types of electricity consumption meters:

1. Induction meters. These are mechanical counters with a rotating disk. The advantage of induction devices is their long service life and low cost. A significant flaw in the mechanics is the insufficient calculation accuracy. The device can operate both negatively and positively compared to actual energy consumption. Induction equipment operates only on a single-tariff principle.
2. Electronic meters. This equipment is distinguished by metering accuracy and compactness. Electronics allows you to work in multi-tariff mode (you can choose from one, two or multiple tariffs). The main disadvantage of electronic devices is their relatively short service life. Electronics are more expensive than mechanics, which together makes the purchase even more dubious for many.
3. Combined (hybrid) electricity meter. This is an intermediate option between mechanics and electronics. The device interface is done digitally. The measuring part can be either electronic or inductive. The computing unit is always mechanical.

When choosing counting equipment, it is recommended to proceed from electricity consumption. Electronics are relevant at high consumption rates, when inaccuracies are fraught with significant financial costs. In some cases, electronic meters pay for themselves in a couple of months due to more accurate counting.

The possibility of multiple tariffs should be taken into account: not all regions have different electricity prices throughout the day. And even if the prices are different, the low electricity consumption negates the arguments in favor of buying an electronic device.

Number of phases

Based on the number of phases, there are two types of devices:

1. Single-phase.
2. Three-phase.

When choosing, you should proceed from the existing wiring: for single-phase wiring - 1 phase, for three-phase wiring - 3 phases.

Note! In apartment buildings, single-phase devices are always installed. When purchasing a meter for a private home, you can figure out the number of phases by paying attention to the wiring. If there are 2 wires in the power line, you will need a single-phase meter; for a line with 4 wires, you need a three-phase meter.

Each electric meter has terminals with which current-carrying conductors are connected to account for electricity. The single-phase device is equipped with 4 terminals: 2 phases and zero for the input and two for the output. Connecting a single-phase device to a three-phase power line is not possible. If, when purchasing a single-phase device, a mistake was made with phase counting, you cannot do without a new trip to the store.

A three-phase electric meter has 8 terminals (at least). For input, 4 terminals are used (3 per phase and 1 for zero) and the same number per output. For a single-phase line, you can also use a three-phase device, but in this case half of the terminals will not be used.

Device current class

Single-phase models are used to calculate electricity consumption in circuits where the current is in the range of 5 - 80 A. Three-phase devices are designed for circuits in the range of 50 - 100 A. Some equipment modifications also work with a smaller spread: a smaller range makes the device cheaper.

When choosing an electric meter, you need to proceed from the thickness of the cable going into your home. The table below shows the maximum current for copper and aluminum conductors of different thicknesses. No more current is required than the value indicated in the table. Please note that the Electrical Installation Rules (ELR) regulate the installation of electrical appliances depending on the type of electrical wiring (closed or open) and the number of phases.

An example is the situation with single-phase electrical wiring open type with copper wire. The wire cross-section is 6 square millimeters. In this case, you will need a meter with a maximum current of 50 A. If we are talking about an aluminum wire, the current will be 39 A. There is no point in overpaying for a larger range, since the power supply automatically turns off at 39 A.

Note! With a closed type of wiring, the current strength for a copper wire will be 34 A, and for an aluminum wire - 38 A.

Presence or absence of multiple tariffs

There are 3 types of equipment available:

1. Single tariff.
2. Two-tariff.
3. Multi-tariff.

Payment for electricity consumption for a single-tariff device is calculated based on the principle: electricity consumed per month is multiplied by the price per 1 kWh.

Calculation example for single-tariff equipment:

1. Consumption - 200 kWh.
2. Price per 1 kWh. - 5 rubles.
3. Financial expenses - 200×5=1000 rubles.

In two-tariff models, the cost of consumed electricity is calculated based on the time of day:

1. Day rate (from 7 am to 11 pm). The cost of a unit of electricity is 1–20% higher than the nominal value. The nominal value is understood as the cost established in a single tariff.
2. Night rate (from 11 pm to 7 am). The cost of 1 kWh is 20–60% less than the nominal value.

Example of calculation for a two-tariff plan:

1. The price of electricity at the daily rate is 3 rubles per 1 kWh. 100 kWh consumed per month.
2. The price of electricity at night tariff is 2 rubles. Monthly consumption - 150 kWh.
3. Total monthly electricity costs: 100×3+150×2=600 rubles.
4. Savings when using a two-tariff meter are 150 rubles or 20%. With one tariff, the costs would be: 250×3=750 rubles.

Note! All figures are provided as an example only. Each region has its own tariffs and discount levels. Specific information can be obtained from the energy sales organization at your place of residence.

If a multi-tariff plan is selected, the day is divided into 3 parts:

1. Night (from 11 pm to 7 am). The cost per 1 kWh is 20–60% less than the nominal value.
2. Half peak (from 9 am to 5 pm and from 8 to 11 pm). The cost of 1 kWh is identical to the nominal one.
3. Peak (from 7 to 9 am and from 5 to 8 pm). The cost of 1 kWh is 5–30% more than the nominal value.

Savings on using 2 or more tariffs are possible in the following cases:

1. Significant difference between tariffs.
2. Focus on energy consumption at night.

If it is not possible to use powerful energy consumers at night or at least during half-peak, purchasing dual-tariff or multi-tariff equipment will not justify itself. Costs will increase as the peak tariff is higher than nominal.

Electricity metering accuracy

This parameter depends on the accuracy class (CT) of the electricity meter - this is the maximum permissible deviation during measurement electrical energy in percentages. The smaller the number, the higher the accuracy class.

Electrical installation rules regulate the possibility of installing devices with an accuracy class of at least 2 units. Until recently, devices with accuracy class 2.5 were allowed. There are devices on the market with a wide variety of accuracy classes - up to 0.5. However, the higher the accuracy class, the more expensive the equipment.

Note! The accuracy class can be seen in a special circle on the body of the electric meter. The error is indicated as a percentage.

There is an opinion that a less accurate device will record less electricity consumption. However, this is only true if the equipment errs on the downside. In practice, with the same probability, everything can happen the other way around.

For example, with real electricity consumption of 100 kWh and an error of 2%, the deviation will be 2 kWh per month. To a lesser or greater extent - it is impossible to predict. The indicated value (2 kWh) is insignificant, but if we are talking about consumption of thousands of kWh, installing the most accurate device can provide very significant savings.

Device fixation method

According to the mounting method, meters are divided into 2 types:

1. Attached to DIN rail.
2. Fixed to a shield, which can be made of metal, plastic or wood.

The method of fixation is not a fundamental issue and you can choose the option that is most suitable in this particular case.

terms of Use

Accounting equipment can be installed in the following locations:

1. Interior of the building (heated room).
2. Outdoors or in a cold room. There is equipment whose operation is possible at low and high temperatures, in conditions of precipitation.

Note! If the meter is located on the street, it must remain freely accessible. This is an important condition, since you will need to take measurements of electricity consumption.

Date of manufacture and time of last verification

According to the PUE, the maximum period elapsed from the date of manufacture of the device to installation is:

• for single-phase devices - 2 years;
• for three-phase devices - 1 year.

If more time has passed than required by the regulations, you will need to check the accuracy of the readings in a specialized organization. Verification is carried out at the expense of the electricity consumer. If you do not pay attention to the date of manufacture of the equipment, an unscrupulous seller may sell a product that cannot be installed without prior verification.

Any meter presented on the domestic market is verified by a state regulatory organization. If the testing is passed, the device is sealed and allowed for sale.

When purchasing, you need to pay attention to the seal: it should not be damaged. Even if there are small chips on the seal, installation of an electric meter will be refused.

Calibration interval

This indicator indicates the period after which equipment verification is mandatory. For induction devices, the verification interval is 16 years, but for electronic devices it is 3 years or more.

If necessary (for example, if there are doubts about the accuracy of the metering), the electric meter can be checked unscheduled. Payment for verification falls on the shoulders of the customer. However, if the fault is confirmed, a new consumption count begins. The new date is indicated on the seal.

Other factors when choosing a meter

A few more factors that you should pay attention to when choosing equipment for metering electricity consumption:

1. Automatic consumption metering. The option is attractive for those users who do not have the time to take readings on their own.
2. Country of manufacture. At the moment, Russian devices are considered to be not inferior in quality to foreign ones. Products from companies such as Intcotext and Energomera are popular among consumers.
3. Repair prices for a specific model. Most often, repair work costs less than purchasing and installing a new device. However, repair prices can vary quite a bit depending on the model.
4. Noisy operation. Some models make a buzzing sound when operating. This creates discomfort, so it would be a good idea to ask the seller about the noise level of the device.

Some buyers prefer induction meters since this equipment allows “rewinding” of flow. However, now the time has come for new induction models that have a magnetization indication function. The inspector will notice if the indicator goes off, which will lead to charges of electrical theft.

Conclusion

It is easier for an informed person to decide on the purchase of an electric meter - he understands what he wants. Such a buyer comes to the store and makes clear demands for the purchase. An appeal to the seller may sound, for example, like this: “I need an electronic multi-tariff single-phase meter for installation in an apartment. A range of 5 – 50 A, an accuracy class of 0.5, a verification interval of at least 5 years and fixation on a DIN rail are required.”

Any home owner must install devices for metering water, electricity, gas, etc. If there is a delay in installing devices for metering heat and water, then the installation of an electricity meter must be completed first.

electricity?

Absolutely all companies that produce this type of device give them a warranty period of sixteen years, and this is a lot and indicates that frequent replacement will not be required.

But in rare cases, when it comes to purchasing a new measuring instrument, a buyer who does not have the full amount of information may make the wrong choice. Which one is better? First you need to familiarize yourself with the operating principle of the electric meter, as well as the existing model range.

Induction electricity meter

There are two types of electricity meters: induction and electronic. What email? the counter is best to use, decide by reading the information below.

So, the first type of device is mechanical. The induction meter consists of a voltage coil, a metal disk and a current coil. Due to the magnetic field that appears as a result of the interaction of two coils, the metal disk begins to rotate, also rotating behind it wheels with numbers showing the amount of electrical energy expended.

Such devices have their pros and cons. The advantages include their relatively low cost and long service life, while the disadvantages include an error in readings of about 2%. But the long period of presence of this type of meters on the market overshadows the rather large percentage of errors and makes them quite popular among buyers. Therefore, to answer the question of which meter is better, let's look at the second type of device.

Electronic counter

The electronic device is radically different from the above. It completely lacks any signs of mechanics, and the current is directly supplied to microcircuits and semiconductors. These microcircuits show the amount of electricity consumed, displaying numbers on the built-in electronic display. The main positive characteristics of this are its small size, more accurate data, electronic display, ease of reading and the ability to calculate consumption according to several different tariff plans. And the high cost and relatively short service life are unpleasant additions to it.

Single-phase electricity meters

According to the type of network to which the connection is made, electricity is divided into single-phase and three-phase.

To a two-wire single-phase network. The total load on the network along with the number of wires are the main factors. Single-phase metering devices are used when electricity consumption does not exceed 10 kV. This meter produces 220 V.

Three-phase devices

These meters are connected to three-phase networks, as is clear from their name. As needed a large number of energy for their operation, found their application in factories or switchboard multi-storey residential buildings for electricity.

Which one is better to install in a private home? Most often they install single-phase ones. They can also be connected to a three-phase network, but only then will such a device be needed for each phase. The installation of a three-phase meter can only be justified by the use of some equipment with a high electricity demand, for example, a welding machine or something like that. At the output, the meter produces 380 V and protects the building from power surges.

Classification by tariff

Electricity meters also come in different tariffs. Which is better?

1. Single tariff. Keeps counting only for one selected tariff. Often used in everyday life.
2. Two-tariff. Allows you to count energy consumption according to two tariff plans, for example, one tariff during the day, a completely different one at night. It is used in various factories and organizations where work is carried out in two shifts.
3. Multi-tariff. Calculates energy for several tariffs at once and reduces costs.

Classification by energy type

Single-phase devices measure exclusively active energy passing through them, and three-phase, in addition to active, also measure reactive energy, also taking into account the direction of flows. This helps to save a lot on large objects.

Electricity meters: which one is better?

To choose the best meter, you need to consider some parameters of the device and learn something about the network.

Companies that produce the best electricity meters

According to official data from the Abarcad company with its main office in Moscow, in 2012 in the territory Russian Federation More than eight million electricity meters were made, of which the lion's share (90%) were single-phase devices. This suggests that electricity meters are often replaced in the household sector.

Which one is better to use? It is known that more than ¾ of all production in Russia comes from three Russian companies. Among them are the Energomera concern (Stavropol), the Incotex company (Moscow) and the Moscow Measuring Instruments Plant holding. The leading place in this trio is occupied by Energomera with 40% of production assets, followed by Incotex and the Moscow Plant of Measuring Instruments with 29 and 7%, respectively. The price of domestic meters is significantly lower than foreign ones, but the difference in quality is not very noticeable.

Market leaders in electricity meters

In order for you to decide which meter is best to install, let’s look at these companies in a little more detail:

1. The Stavropol concern Energomera owns a couple of factories not only in Russia, but also in neighboring countries. Specializes in the production of high quality energy metering devices of all types, the price of which varies from 13 to 330 units in European currency.
2. Incotex is a large domestic organization with factories in the Russian Federation and beyond. The specialty of this company is the development and assembly of electronic devices, which include electricity meters of all types.
3. "Moscow Measuring Instruments Plant" (MZIP). An old enterprise producing electricity meters and various radio equipment. The devices produced include single- and two-phase electricity meters.