There are no trains by distance. Categories of trains and carriers

In Russia, passenger trains have always been in demand. Nowadays, despite the fact that there are many options for getting from one settlement to another, rail transport continues to be popular. But often people who study the train schedule are confused by the marks opposite the route number and stations of departure and destination, namely, the type of train: passenger, fast, accelerated, high-speed, branded, and so on. Let's take a look at how some types of trains differ from others, as well as explore information on where to buy tickets.

Brief information about trains

There is passenger and freight traffic on the railway, respectively, there are trains that transport either people or various objects and materials. Let's go back to the passenger ones.

What is this type of transport? A train is a formed rolling stock, that is, a locomotive (from which the drivers control the entire transport as a whole) and the required number of cars. All movable units are linked to each other. A modern passenger train can also be fitted with a mail carriage and a carriage carriage. Passenger cars must have seats: armchairs or shelves.

Passenger

And now let's move on to studying the types of routes. Let's start with the usual passenger one. This type of route is designed for the fact that the rolling stock will stop at every station and even at some halt stations. The parking time can be long (from 2 to 40 minutes). Accordingly, a passenger train will take a long time to reach its destination. Ticket prices are generally much lower than other routes.

Fast

The fast passenger train, unlike the usual one, stops only at large stations, and the parking lots are much shorter. Of course, the speed of movement of the rolling stock itself is much higher. Therefore, a fast train can reach your destination much faster. Ticket prices are higher. There is only one caveat: residents of provincial cities will have to get on their own to a large station where high-speed trains stop.

High-speed

The high-speed mode of transport on the railroad has appeared relatively recently. We are talking about such trains as "Swallow", "Sapsan" and so on.

This rolling stock is designed to transport people over long distances in a very short period of time. Of course, the number of stops is very small, or the train follows without them at all.

Local and long distance

Distinguish between local and long-distance trains. Electric trains are considered local if they follow a distance of no more than 200-250 km. A long-distance passenger train travels over distances of 400-500 km.

Where to buy tickets

Tickets for long-distance trains can be purchased at railway ticket offices, but not at all. It is impossible to buy a passenger train ticket on a regular platform where commuter trains stop. You can only purchase a travel document for local trains.

To successfully purchase a travel document, you need to visit the nearest train station. Regardless of the location, you can buy tickets to any destination. For example, in Moscow you can buy it from the Kazan railway station, and you can also get this ticket while in Ulan-Ude.

It is possible to purchase an electronic ticket via the Internet. It is recommended to use the official website of Russian Railways in order to avoid fraud, fakes and misunderstandings.

Types of wagons

Passenger cars are of the following types:

• SV - compartment cars for two passengers;
• K - compartment carriage (two shelves at the bottom, two at the top, for four passengers);
• P - reserved seat (the location of the shelves is the same as in a compartment, but there are no partitions, in addition, there are two more shelves for passengers at the opposite window);
• C - seated (instead of the shelves of the chair, the trip is made while sitting, as in a car or bus).

The cars are simple and branded. The latter are distinguished by the greatest comfort and level of service.

In addition, double-decker passenger trains are currently running. Ticket prices are affordable and many can travel.

Choose the type of route most suitable for you, the type of train at an affordable price. We wish you a happy trip!

We continue to talk about unusual things and next in line are devices whose value is hard to overestimate - trains!

The history of trains in general is a hymn for speed and reliability, through intrigue and a huge amount of money, but we are interested in the 10 fastest trains of our time.

The world of trains looks unusual today, this is due to the fact that since 1979 their high-tech brothers, cars from the future - "Maglevs" (from the English magnetic levitation - "magnetic levitation") have joined the classic rail train. Hovering proudly above the magnetic canvas and driven by the latest advances in superconductors, they can become the transport of the future. In view of this, for each we will indicate the type of train and in what conditions the record was obtained, because somewhere on board the express there were no passengers, somewhere even drivers.

1. Shinkansen

The world speed record belongs to the Japanese maglev train; on April 21, 2015, on a special site during tests in Yamanashi prefecture, the train was able to reach a speed of 603 kilometers per hour, only the driver was on board. This is just an incredible figure!

Test video:

The incredible noiselessness of this super train can be added to the insane speed, the absence of wheels makes the ride comfortable and surprisingly smooth.

Today Shinkansen is one of the fastest trains on commercial routes, with a speed of 443 km / h.

2. TGV POS

The first in terms of speed among rail trains, but the second in overall classification, on the planet (for 2015) is the French TGV POS. Surprisingly, at the moment of fixing the speed record, the train was accelerated to an impressive figure of 574.8 km / h, while the journalists and the staff were on board!

But even taking into account the world record, the speed of the train when moving on commercial routes does not exceed 320 km / h.

3. Shanghai Maglev Train

Next, we have the third place given to China with their Shanghai Maglev Train, as the name implies, this train plays in the category of wizards hanging in a powerful magnetic field. This incredible maglev maintains a speed of 431 km / h for 90 seconds (during this time it manages to swallow 10.5 kilometers!), Which is up to the maximum speed of this train, then during tests it was able to accelerate to 501 km / h.

4. CRH380A

Another record comes from China, a train with an incredibly euphonious name "CRH380A" that took the honorable fourth place. The maximum speed on the route, as the name implies, is 380 km / h, and the maximum recorded result is 486.1 km / h. It is noteworthy that this high-speed train was assembled and manufactured entirely relying on Chinese production facilities. The train carries almost 500 passengers, and boarding is realized as in an airplane.

5. TR-09

Location: Germany - maximum speed 450 km / h. Name TR-09.

The fifth number from the country of the fastest roads - the autobahns, and if in terms of speed on the roads Germany can really be attributed to the fastest country, then trains are far from number 1.

In sixth place is the train from South Korea. The KTX2, as the Korean bullet train is called, was able to accelerate to 352 km / h, but currently the maximum speed on commercial routes is limited to 300 km / h.

7.THSR 700T

The next hero, although not the fastest train on the planet, still deserves separate applause, the reason for this is the impressive capacity of 989 passengers! And if you add to this the speed of 335 km / h, then "THSR 700T" from Taipei, which in Taiwan can be considered one of the most capacious and fastest modes of transport.

8. AVETalgo-350

We arrive at the eighth place and stop in Spain, we are aboard AVETalgo-350 (Alta Velocidad Española), nicknamed the Platypus. The nickname stems from the aerodynamic appearance of the lead car (well, you can see for yourself), but no matter how funny our hero looks, the speed of 330 km / h gives him the right to participate in our rating!

9. Eurostar Train

9th place Eurostar Train - France, the train is not so fast 300 km / h (not far from our Sapsan), but the capacity of the train is impressive 900 passengers. By the way, it was on this train that the participants of the famous TV show Top Gear (now deceased, if you love it like me, thumb up!) Competed with the amazing Aston Martin DB9 in season 4 of the 1 series.

10. Peregrine Falcon

In 10th place, of course, you need to put the Italian "ETR 500" with its quite good 300 km / h, but I want to put our, quite fast Sapsan. Although the current operating speed of this train is limited to 250 km / h, its modernization (and rather modernization of the routes) will allow the train to travel at a speed of 350 km / h. At the moment, this is impossible for many reasons, one of them is the vortex effect, which can knock an adult off his feet at a distance of 5 meters from the paths. Sapsan also sets one funny record - it is the widest high-speed train in the world. Although the train is built on the Siemens platform, due to the wider gauge used in Russia of 1520 mm, against the European gauge of 1435 mm, it became possible to increase the width of the carriage by 300 mm, this makes Sapsan the most “pot-bellied” train by a bullet.

Lecture number 2 (1 hour). Types of transportation and classification of trains

Goal:studying the classification of passenger trains, passenger trains, planning of passenger traffic.

Plan:

1. Types of transportation and classification of trains.

2. Problems of renewing the passenger car fleet.

The transition to market relations imposes additional requirements on the organization of passenger traffic. Among the main functions of passenger rail transport were added such important activities as a comprehensive study of the market for transport services for the population and the demand for passenger transportation and related services. Without this, it is impossible to plan a wide range of transport services and services that would ensure the effective development of railways. Only on the basis of marketing research can the most expedient plan for the formation and effective schedule of train movement and turnover of trains be developed, as well as measures to stimulate the sale of their products and services, increase the number of consumers and their effective demand.

To ensure its competitive position in the market, each railway transport enterprise must achieve high profitability of production by increasing labor productivity and reducing product prices.

With the fall in effective demand for transportation in conditions of economic instability, the question of the values \u200b\u200bof passenger flows, which are necessary as initial data for the development of a plan for the formation and schedule of trains. The necessary forecast of passenger flows can be fulfilled by multiplying the actually transported passenger flow (taking into account the unmet demand for transportation) for the same period of the last year by coefficients reflecting the main trends of passengers to increase or decrease the number of their trips.

There are the following types of messages when transporting passengers: direct - within two or more roads; local - between stations of the same railway; suburban - within the suburban areas adjacent to large settlements.

Depending on the distance traveled, passenger trains are divided into three categories:

Distant - following at a distance of over 700 km;

Local - distance from 150 to 700 km;

Suburban - distance up to 150 km.

Depending on the speed of movement, conditions and comfort of the trip, long-distance and local trains are divided into fast, high-speed and passenger trains. Ambulances(including high-speed) trains have the highest route speed due to fewer stops and their shorter duration. These trains are formed from the most comfortable carriages, providing the greatest convenience for passengers; they are assigned to major highways between major cities.

The maximum running speed of fast trains is 140 km / h. trains traveling at speeds exceeding 140 km / h are classified as high-speed or high-speed trains.

High-speed trains running on specialized lines reach speeds of up to 300 km / h and more. For example, on the Paris-Lyon line, the record speed was 515 km / h.

Passenger trains circulate between large settlements, serve passenger flows not covered by fast trains, and have a lower route speed due to the large number of stops and a slightly lower technical speed. In those sections where there is no suburban traffic, passenger trains stop not only at precinct, but also at intermediate stations.

Purpose and categories of passenger trains

Long-distance and local trains include branded trains, which have not only a number, but also a name, are distinguished by high comfort and service culture ("Tulpar", "Zhetisu", etc.). Depending on the category of trains, their numbering is uniform on the railway network.

Passenger train numbering

Insignificant, steady flows of passengers are served by separate carriages or groups of carriages of direct direct communication. From the station of departure to the point of destination, they follow different trains, the timetables of which are agreed upon at the hubs of the car interchange. On directions where baggage and mail transportation is significant, special post and baggage trains. They also include passenger cars. On lines with a small volume of traffic freight-passenger trains, formed from carriages for passengers and goods. The growth of business and cultural ties with foreign countries led to the development of non-stop international communications. Trains and individual carriages serving them are called trains and wagons of international communication. Direct direct communication is carried out with many countries in Europe and Asia.

Each passenger train is formed from a specific number of cars of a certain type. The compositions of passenger trains of different categories are different. The number of cars in passenger trains, as a rule, ranges from 15 to 22 and depends on passenger traffic, train category and length of passenger platforms. The specific location of the wagons in the train is called scheme. Under composition understand the number of cars of different kinds (soft, compartment, reserved seat, etc.) and the order of their placement in the train.

Formation schemeis indicated in the books of the service timetable of passenger trains. For trains of the same categories, it is advisable to use a unified scheme, which ensures the interchangeability of trains. In this case, the cars in the trains are arranged in groups according to types: in the head of the train there are reserved seat cars, in the tail there are compartment cars. This composition of compositions allows you to use them in total turnover and at the same time ensure minimal shunting operations at the formation point.

The coinciding composition of the trains makes it possible to increase the train layout by adding cars from the side, both the head and tail cars of the train. The use of passenger train sets in the general turnover ensures a decrease in the number of trains used. In the train diagram, indicate the serial number of the car, purpose, signs of armor. The content of the information in the train diagram depends on the function of the unit. The above information is required at the railway station to issue travel documents. For passenger stations and carriage units, the side numbers of the cars in the order of their arrangement in the train are important.

To cut leaving empty seats from the departure station, places to the stencil change station are freely available. The number of seats for all armor must correspond to the carriage capacity. For soft (SV) the capacity is 18, for compartment - 36, for reserved seats - 54. On a number of roads to improve the working conditions of conductors, they are provided with additional seats, so passengers are issued 34 seats in compartment and 52 seats in reserved seats. Reservations for the head of the train are not sold at the ticket offices, so they are deducted from the scheme.

The work on the allocation of seats on trains, the establishment of variable stencils, the allocation of the reservation rate is carried out by the road allocation bureau (ODB); the same bureaus of regional directorates (LBK) and stations (BRM) are subordinate to him.

According to the rules for the composition of long-distance trains, a soft car (SV) is placed in the middle of the train next to the dining car. Exceptions are branded trains.

Passenger train composition differs from the speedy in the number of compartment cars and in the large number of non-compartment carriages with common reserved seats and carriages with seating places. In such a train, many passengers do not travel the entire length of its journey, but enter and exit at stations located along the way, so the number of cars with berths can be reduced. For short distances with a trip duration of 6 - 8 hours (provided that trains are laid in the daytime), trains of regional type cars with seats for sitting can be used.

Composition capacity is determined by the category of the passenger train, its mass and composition. The number of cars in a train also depends on the length of the passenger platforms.

Weight of formulationsfast and passenger trains are currently installed up to 1000 tons (16-20 cars). For high-speed sections (140 - 160 km / h), the maximum mass of high-speed trains is, as a rule, 700 - 800 tons.

It is difficult in our time to find a person who would not see the train, but not everyone will be able to answer the question: "What is called a train" On the railways by train it is customary to call a formed and coupled train of cars with one or more operating locomotives, with established signals.
As soon as a train locomotive is attached to the train, it (the train) turns into a train. Each train is assigned a number. The number is the "face" of the train. If they say train number 21, then the railwayman understands that he is talking about a fast passenger train, and it moves from the east or north.
Crossing borders, trains and carriages of the Soviet railways rushed to the south and north, west and east. They carry passengers to all corners of our vast Motherland. And not only! Trains and carriages of the Soviet railways ply through the territory of 25 states of Europe and Asia - to Ulan Bator, Pyongyang, Beijing, Hanoi. They are not stopped either by different track widths or water barriers. At the transfer points of border stations, carriages were simply changed, and they crossed water obstacles on ferries. Our wagons sailed on the waters of the North Sea from the port of the German Democratic Republic of Rostock to the Swedish port of Malmo, following to Stockholm and Oslo and returning home from there.
And what about the numbering of passenger trains? Over the 150-year history of railways, it has changed more than once. So, from May 15, 1929, the People's Commissariat of Railways (NKPS) established the following numbering of passenger trains: courier trains were assigned numbers from 1 to 8, fast trains from 11 to 38, postal trains from 41 to 58, passenger trains from 61 to 78, commodity - passenger - from 81 to 85, suburban - from 101 to 895 and labor - from 901 to 988.
In the 1970s, trains were numbered as follows: fast numbers were numbered 1-98; 101-298 - long-distance passenger, year-round circulation; 301-498 - long-haul passenger assigned in summer; 501-598 - long-distance single-use passenger; 601-698 - passenger local; 6001-6998 suburban; 801-898 tourist and excursion; 901-948 postage and baggage; 951-968 cargo-passenger (by tickets); 971-998 human (according to cargo documents).
With the introduction of high-speed trains ER-200 and Aurora between Moscow and Leningrad, the numbering was slightly changed: numbers 1-99 are reserved for high-speed trains running all year round; 101 - 149 - fast summer; 151-169 - high-speed passenger; 171-299 - long-distance passenger, running all year round; 301-399 - long-distance passenger summer; 401 - 499 - single-use passenger (export); 501-599 - single-use passenger (dotted); 601-699 - passenger local; 6001-6999 suburban; 801-899 tourist excursion. The numbering of post-baggage, cargo-passenger and human trains did not change.
Modern numbering is more complex. How different it is from the numbering 90 years ago!

About branded trains

Signature train Enisey No. 55/56 by route Krasnoyarsk-Moscow, forming the Krasnoyarsk wagon depot. The distance of 4044 km is covered in 65 hours 22 minutes at a speed of up to 120 km / h. At the beginning of the 20th century, a trip from Moscow to Krasnoyarsk took 11 days.
The composition of the branded train is formed of comfortable carriages - 4 compartment cars, 4 reserved seats, 3 luxury cars of economy class, 1 SV business class carriage, 1 restaurant car and a staff car.
Business class carriages are compartment passenger carriages with air conditioning and video doubles. Seats in the compartment - 2. The fare includes: Providing sets of bed linen of improved quality, meals: cold snacks, first course, second course, dessert, drinks of your choice: cognac, vodka, beer, soft drinks, mineral water, printed materials, items personal hygiene.
Economy class cars with 4-seater compartments with air conditioning. The fare includes: provision of bed linen sets of improved quality, meals: cold snacks, first course, second course, dessert, drinks of your choice / tea, coffee, soft drinks, mineral water /, printed materials, personal hygiene items
In each carriage, a friendly conductor will offer you bed linen, hot tea or coffee, and pastries. On the way you will find interesting meetings, funny fellow travelers, vivid impressions and, of course, attentive service. At your service - comfortable compartments, a restaurant car with original Siberian cuisine, the latest press.

• suburban
• long distance (long distance)

Long-distance electric trains include a part of "Lastochki" and express trains of JSC "FPK" following a distance of over 150 km, as well as "Sapsans".

In the "Electric Trains" section, "Swallows" and electric express trains of JSC FPC are shown, since by a number of features they are more similar to suburban electric trains than to classic long-distance trains. "Peregrine Falcons" are not shown in the "Trains" section. Long-distance electric trains are highlighted on the site red color.

Legally, long-distance trains are full-fledged long-distance trains, you can read about them in the Trains section. Long distance train tickets cannot be purchased at suburban ticket offices. The most convenient way is to buy tickets via the Internet (for example, on our website), you can also buy them at the ticket offices of JSC "FPK" at the train station and self-service terminals. The number of tickets is limited.

Suburban trains can be divided into:

• ordinary (passenger), "Standard plus", "Comfort";
• fast and high-speed high-comfort.

Standard Plus trains are ordinary electric trains, but with a number of advantages. These are electric trains manufactured before 2014. In "Standard Plus" trains there is a wide vestibule for carrying luggage and bicycles, comfortable seats are installed, there is an air conditioner, a dry closet, places for disabled people, a running line.

"Standard Plus" trains run on the Kursk, Rizhsky, Belorussky, Savelovsky, Kiev directions, as well as on the Moscow - Balashikha section on weekdays.

The fare in them is the same as on ordinary trains. You can distinguish these trains from others by the white color of the carriage with a yellow stripe (except for the trains Moscow - Novoperedelkino and Moscow - Usovo). In the train schedule on Tutu.ru, these trains are marked with the "C +" icon.

Since June 2018, comfort trains have been running on the Leningrad direction on the Moscow - Klin section. These trains are similar to "Standard Plus" trains, but they are served by "Lastochka" trains.

Since 2019, "Comfort" trains have been running on Vitebsk direction - the fare on them is slightly higher than the cost of travel on a regular train. "Comfort" tickets for travel on ordinary trains are valid, but not vice versa. The exception is subscription tickets. There are no special season tickets for "Comfort" yet, so you can use regular season tickets.

High-speed and high-speed trains are divided into:

• fast and high-speed suburban trains without seats;
• fast suburban trains with seats (interregional express trains).

In fast trains with the provision of seats (highlighted on the website green color) a guaranteed seating position is provided, the number of tickets is limited, and, as a rule, sales are carried out via the Internet. When buying a ticket, an identity document is required.

On express trains without seats (highlighted on the website blue color, except for Aeroexpress trains, which are highlighted in red), as a rule, seating is not guaranteed (whoever came to boarding earlier, sat down), and the number of tickets is not limited. Less often - a limited part of tickets (usually at a higher price) goes on sale with reference to a specific location, the rest of tickets - without reference to a location.

In rare cases, the electric train can be ordinary, while it has a part of luxury cars, for travel in which (in addition to the ticket price) an additional fee is charged. There are no such trains in the Moscow region.

The fast trains, in addition to the usual fast ones, also include "satellites", "REKS" electric trains, and aeroexpress trains.

Tickets for high-speed trains, as a rule, are more expensive than for a regular train - for short distances, it is about 2 times more expensive than a regular train, and this difference decreases with increasing distance. When buying a ticket for an ambulance train, you must tell the cashier before buying a ticket that you need a ticket for an ambulance train (or select the “Fast” category in the terminal).

A single ticket for an ambulance train without providing seats, as a rule, gives the right to travel in an express train without providing seats for this carrier at the seats of the specified class of service (if specified), or in a regular train of this carrier. That is, if a passenger bought a ticket for an ambulance train, but missed it, he can travel on it in a regular train.

If a passenger has an unused single ticket for a regular train and wants to travel in an express train, then, as a rule, he can issue an additional payment to a single ticket for a regular train - at the ticket office or on the train. If a surcharge is made directly on the train (this is not always possible, the train may not be allowed on board with a ticket for a regular train), the passenger is charged a fee (usually 100 rubles).

Please note that an additional payment at the ticket office of the TsPPK is possible only if there was no passage through the turnstile with this ticket, an additional payment is usually possible only within an hour after the purchase of the biological flight. An additional payment in the terminal is possible only if the ticket is recorded on a transport card.

At the Moscow-Tverskaya PPK (Leningrad direction), an additional payment at the box office is possible not only for a one-time ticket, but also for a season ticket. There is a limitation - an additional payment to the subscription for the number of trips is possible only from the initial or final station of the subscription.

On the routes of the Central PPK, there is no additional payment to the regular train ticket - the passenger needs to purchase a new ticket.

A single ticket for the interregional express of JSC Central PPK is valid for one trip on the train specified in the ticket, or on any other suburban train without seats.

Carriers

Carrier - an organization that organizes the transportation of passengers on a given train.

It is important for the passenger to know that a train ticket from one carrier is almost always invalid on the trains of another carrier.

For example, tickets Aleksandrov - Balakirievo, purchased at the ticket office of OJSC Central PPK, do not apply to travel on the train “Severnaya PPK” on the route Aleksandrov - Yaroslavl.

In addition, different carriers may have different conditions for the wire of sports equipment (skis, bicycles), as well as different procedures for issuing discount tickets (for example, at JSC Central PPK when issuing a free ticket within MTU, except for trains with seats, there is enough a Muscovite social card (SCM), Aeroexpress, in addition to SCM, must present a passport, Severnaya PPK must present “paper” documents for benefits, since cashiers do not have the technical ability to issue a ticket for SCM).

The name of the carrier can be found on the route (schedule) page of the train.

Carriers for electric trains of the Moscow hub

On the Leningrad direction of Moscow, the carrier is Moskovsko-Tverskaya PPK.

For Aeroexpress trains, the carrier is Aeroexpress LLC.

For the Lastochka (long-distance) electric trains and other long-distance electric trains (except for Sapsans) departing from Moscow railway stations, the carrier is FPK JSC. For Sapsan electric trains, the carrier is the Directorate of High-Speed \u200b\u200bTransport (DOSS), a branch of Russian Railways.

In all other cases (including in the REX electric trains of all directions) in the Moscow region, the carrier is OJSC Central PPK.

Carriers for electric trainsSt. Petersburg node

For long-distance electric trains ("Sapsany", "Lastochki" for a distance of over 200 km), the carrier is FPC JSC, or DOSS. For suburban electric trains (including suburban Lastochkas (following a distance of up to 200 km)), the carrier is OJSC North-West PPK. From January 1, 2016, travel in Lastochki of OJSC SZ PPK is carried out with a ticket of the category "Fast". Passenger tickets are not valid for travel in Lastochki.