Meaning of the word bosom friend. Bosom

Intimate, long-standing, closest, heartfelt, sincere, close Dictionary of Russian synonyms. bosom adj. close sincere very good (about a friend)) Dictionary of Russian synonyms. Context 5.0 Informatics… Synonym dictionary

- [sh], bosom, bosom. Only in the expression: bosom friend or friend (colloquial fam.) close, sincere. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

bosom- bosom friend bosom buddy... Dictionary of Russian Idioms

- (see the word Adam's apple). Close, sincere. Dictionary of foreign words included in the Russian language. Chudinov A.N., 1910 ... Dictionary of foreign words of the Russian language

bosom- The expression pour over your Adam's apple means to drink alcohol, to get drunk; from this expression the adjective bosom friend was formed, which in combination bosom friend initially meant a friend at a feast, a friend at a drink, and only later acquired ... Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Krylov

bosom- Tatar – kadyk (hard, protruding). Most likely, the word came from the noun “Adam’s apple” (from the phrase “pour over the Adam’s apple”), because The original meaning of the word is “drinking buddy.” The word came into the Russian language from Tatar in the XIV–XVI... ... Semenov Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language

bosom- where can you find a bosom friend? Yes, anywhere, you just need to be able to be friends. But let’s try to look at the question through the eyes of our ancestors: from their point of view, it is best to look for a bosom friend in a tavern. Because in the original sense, a sidekick... ... Entertaining etymological dictionary

BOSNOM.- Own R. Formed by suffixing the prepositional case form for the Adam's apple on the basis of the phrase pour for the Adam's apple “get drunk on vodka.” Bosom friend, buddy, originally “drinking buddy”; meaning “sincere, sincere” is secondary... Sitnikov's etymological dictionary

Eg. h. Friend. Usually associated with the Adam's apple (cf. soulful); see Groth, Phil. Once. 2, 430; Convert I, 241… Etymological Dictionary of the Russian Language by Max Vasmer

Adj. decomposition Close, sincere (about a friend, buddy, about friendly, friendly relations). Ephraim's explanatory dictionary. T. F. Efremova. 2000... Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova

Books

Falling in love with your best friend (audiobook MP3), Galina Kulikova. “Love between childhood friends is like an exhausted horse laden with old memories...” says Victor. His longtime friend Tatyana, and now almost his wife, is sure of the opposite: “Than... audiobook
Moby Dick, or the White Whale (abbreviated), Herman Melville. In 1851, when the American writer, sailor and traveler Herman Melville first published his novel, his contemporaries did not understand or appreciate it. Only in the 20s of the twentieth century did historians...

Simple sometimes Iron. or Shutl. Close, sincere friend, buddy. BMS 1998, 169 ... Big dictionary Russian sayings

- (buddy, girlfriend), well-wisher, buddy, benefactor, confidante, brother-in-arms, brother, comrade. A close friend, sincere, bosom, intimate, sincere, unchanging, old. Friends buddies. Friends before the first fight. We are friends, I am with him... ... Synonym dictionary

Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

1. FRIEND1, friend, plural. friends (friends obsolete), friends, husband. 1. A close friend, a person connected with someone through friendship (also applies to women). Intimate friend. Bosom friend. Heart friend. Sincere friend. “The happy one has enemies... ... Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

- [sh], bosom, bosom. Only in the expression: bosom friend or friend (colloquial fam.) close, sincere. Ushakov's explanatory dictionary. D.N. Ushakov. 1935 1940 … Ushakov's Explanatory Dictionary

bosom- bosom friend bosom buddy... Dictionary of Russian Idioms

Books

Falling in love with your best friend (audiobook MP3), Galina Kulikova. “Love between childhood friends is like an exhausted horse laden with old memories...” says Victor. His longtime friend Tatyana, and now almost his wife, is sure of the opposite: “Than... audiobook
Moby Dick, or the White Whale (abbreviated), Herman Melville. In 1851, when the American writer, sailor and traveler Herman Melville first published his novel, his contemporaries did not understand or appreciate it. Only in the 20s of the twentieth century did historians...

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They say, “A bosom friend,” but why is he a bosom friend? And in general, what kind of word is “Bosom Friend”?

In the first volume " Explanatory dictionary» Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl the forgotten verb “to get in touch”, “to get in touch”(cattle, chickens), i.e. kill, stab, cut the Adam's apple. The reflexive form of the verb is also given: “zakadyatsya” (“zakadyatsya”) - meant to die, especially to choke on fumes; hang oneself, stab oneself.

Immediately, following these gloomy, depressing interpretations, Dahl cites the phrase "bosom friend or comrade"- “sincere, faithful, sincere, unchanging” and even this meaning: “daring, desperate, especially in relation to camaraderie.”

Today, linguists have concluded that the great collector of the riches of the Russian language, Vladimir Ivanovich Dal, was not always right regarding etymology, i.e. the origin of words and expressions, simply put, sometimes he was mistaken, combining words and expressions by their external, superficial similarity.

A completely different version, a different meaning of the expression, is given by the Dictionary of Russian Phraseology.... it is argued that this expression literally means “drinking buddy”, which is motivated by the combination “pour in the Adam’s apple.”

In the same “Dictionary” by V.I. Dahl there is the now completely forgotten word “kochedyk”. And it was forgotten because that was the name of a special awl for weaving bast shoes. Dahl cites it with the note “sometimes it says Adam’s apple.”
And if so, then “bosom friend” can literally mean such a close friend that his bast shoes are woven with one awl with the bast shoes of another, i.e. two people seem to be connected by one thread.
Perhaps that is why they are bosom friends.

here's another:) .Bosom friend - in Ancient Rus' it was believed that the human soul was located behind the Adam’s apple.
“Bosom friend” means a close friend, because it was believed that among the ancestors of the Slavs the immortal soul lives behind the Adam’s apple, and from them the words “grab by the soul” or “strangle” when they grabbed the throat began to pass on to the Slavs

This expression, unlike many phraseological units, has a rather direct meaning (compare with the expressions: “eat a dog”, “tongue on the shoulder”, “headlong”).

From the Tatar word kadyk (solid, protruding) came the well-known word “Adam’s apple”, from which, in turn, came the expression “to lay behind the Adam’s apple” or “to pour over the Adam’s apple” - that is, to drink and drink. And the word “bosom” began to mean that friend with whom these drinks take place, with whom one spends time and has intimate conversations relevant to the activity. Traditionally, it is customary to organize drinking parties with people of similar character and mind, with long-time friends and good friends. So this expression came to mean a drinking comrade, otherwise a drinking companion.

But the Russian language would not be Russian if dynamic semantic transformations did not occur with established expressions. Perhaps this phrase originally had an ironic or mocking meaning, but there is not a Russian-speaking person who would not put into the expression “bosom friend” something completely different in relation to a friend - warm, friendly, real and reliable.

It is enough to refer to the dictionary of synonyms and this will become obvious.

Here are just some synonymous designations of this phraseological unit:

intimate,
old/old,
sincere,
close/nearest,
cordial,
sincere,
best friend,
inseparable,
loyal,

The fluidity of word meanings and changes in semantic load, characteristic of the Russian language, have led to the fact that now it is absolutely no shame to call just good or even best friends “bosom friends,” and these can be not only people, but also animals.

In our speech, we ourselves, without noticing it, use a lot of phraseological units and phrases, the history of which we do not know and, moreover, do not want to know. For example, most citizens do not have the slightest idea about the origin of the idiom “bosom friend”. to us from the past and in our time means a friend, close or related person. Such “bosom friends” are found in kindergarten and maintain lifelong relationships.

What was originally meant by the idiom “bosom friend”?

How was the word “bosom” interpreted before?

Researchers talk about several options for the original meaning of this phrase.

First option.
In ancient Rus', the word “bosom” meant “spiritually close, sincere.” The ancient Slavs believed that the human soul was located in a small cavity behind the Adam's apple, between the collarbones.
Because of this belief, several phraseological units arose; the murder of a person was denoted by the phrase “take by the soul,” “strangle” and “bosom.”

A “bosom friend” is a true old friend for life with whom you communicate until your death. One soul for two bodies.

Second option.
If you look at Dahl's dictionary, you will find in it the meaning of the word "bosom". It means daring, sincere, unchanging. And the ancient verb “bosom” according to Dahl means to kill, cut the Adam’s apple. Also in the dictionary there is a verb “to bosom” - to die, to cut oneself.

Today's linguists admit that Dahl was not entirely able to accurately determine the meaning of some phraseological units, trying to unite them only by their external similarity.

Third option.
In the same Dahl dictionary there is a word that we do not know at all - “kochedyk”. True, in colloquial speech it was pronounced like “Adam’s apple.” This word meant a special awl that was used for weaving bast shoes.
Therefore, the phraseological unit “bosom friend” can mean a close or related person whose bast shoes are made using the same awl. It can also mean that these people are connected by the same thread.

Fourth option.

There is a book called "Dictionary of Russian Phraseology". The word "Adam's apple" was in the Tatar language 14-16 centuries and was borrowed for Russian speech. True, this word was customary to designate only objects. The idiom “pour over the Adam’s apple” or “drink” from this word the meaning “drinking buddy” comes from.

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