Adverbs also, as well and too: differences in use. Too & Also

He is also from Moscow. (The semantic verb is the form of the verb “to be”, “also” is used after it)
He is also from Moscow.

She is also studying English. (Complex temporary present form Continuous: “is” + “studying”, “also” is used after the first part of the form)
ABOUTNa is also studying English.

He has also been invited (Complex tense form of the Present Perfect in the passive voice: “has” + “been” + “invited”, “also” is used after the first part of the form)
Ehe was also invited.

You have also been teaching English for many years. (Complex tense form Present Perfect Continuous: “have” + “been” + “teaching”, “also” is used after the first part of the form)
You teach too English language many years.

“Either” is used at the end of a sentence.

Examples:

I don't like it either.
I do not like it either.

She is not tall either.
She's also short.

He has never tried skating either.
He had never skated either.

What to do when words are translated the same way? Which word should I choose? What is the difference between them?

Few people think about this when using the words also, too and as well, but each of them has its own characteristics.

Also and as well are used less often than too, and sometimes they are forgotten about altogether.

All three words are essentially synonyms and can be translated as also, also, moreover. They are all used to complement already known information in a sentence or to emphasize an important point.

So what are the differences between these words?

Place in a sentence.

When choosing a word, the first thing to remember is its place in the sentence.

Too And as well usually cost at the end of a sentence and combine two ideas, and the place of the word also - in the middle, after , before the verb:

I like apples and I like bananas too.
I like apples and I like bananas as well.
I like apples and I also like bananas. - I love apples and I love bananas too.

All three examples above have the same meaning and translate the same way.

Too And as well never don't stand at the beginning suggestions, but also often starts new offer to reinforce and emphasize the importance of information. In this case also will be highlighted intonation And comma in writing:

Don't be surprised if too occurs in a position after the subject, this happens in cases where it refers directly to the subject. Then it is highlighted in the letter with commas:

She, too, sent me an email. - She also sent me an email.
My business partners, too, will go with us. - My partners will also go with us.

Also too typical for short answers:

I got up early. - Me too.
- I woke up early. - Me too.

Have a nice day! - Thank you! You have a nice day too.
- Have a nice day! - Thank you! To you too.

A few words about the word also.

Of all three words also most often used in written and formal speech. At the beginning of a sentence it means the same thing as In addition (also, moreover, in addition to this) and separated by a comma:

I would like to know his address. Also, can you give me his phone number? - I would like to know his address. Also, could you give me his number?

It was already indicated above that in the middle of a sentence also worth between subject and semantic verb:

I also work as a doctor. - I also work as a doctor.
She also speaks English. - She also speaks English.

If there is a verb to be- That after him:

I am also a teacher. - I am also a teacher.

They were also hungry. -They were hungry too.

If there modal verb ( , should, would and others) - then also should stand after him:

We can also answer. - We can answer too.
He should also read the text. - He should also read the text.

If the offer contains auxiliary(am, is, are, have, had, will), then also must be put after him before the semantic verb:

I have also been to the USA. - I was also in the USA.
You will also meet my friends. - You will meet my friends too.

By the way, sometimes also you can meet at the end of a sentence, but mainly in colloquial speech, although many adherents of correct speech argue that such use is not entirely correct:

I like apples and I like bananas also.

It turns out that also is the only one of the three words that can appear at the beginning of a sentence (and separated by a comma), and in the middle (between the subject and the verb) and at the end (most rarely, in colloquial speech).

Intonation.

In Russian words too, also can appear anywhere in a sentence: at the end, in the middle, or even at the beginning! Their place depends on what information in the sentence we relate them to.

But in English, as you can already see, their place is fixed, so intonation plays a big role. It is with the help of intonation that we understand what exactly the interlocutor wants to emphasize and what information to add. Consider this simple sentence:

I read books in the evening too.

Without context and correct intonation it is difficult to understand what he wants to emphasize word-speaker too:

Several options can be considered:

You read books in the evening and I read books in the evening too. - You read books, and I also read books in the evenings.

I read newspapers in the evening and I read books in the evening too. - I read newspapers in the evenings and I also read books.

I read books in the morning and I read books in the evening too. - I read books in the mornings and in the evenings I also read books.

I do other things in the evening and I read books in the evening too. - I do other things in the evenings, and I read books too.

In all these examples, you can easily replace too with as well. But if you want to use also, then there are two options:

I also read books in the evening.
Also, I read books in the evening.

Negative sentences.

Often using words too/also we connect two negative ideas:

Which word should you choose for the second part? Also, too or as well? Answer - none of them will not be used in negative sentences of this type!

The word to be used here is either, whose place is at the end of the second negative sentence:

Word either deserves a detailed explanation and a separate article, which will definitely appear on our website.

But if we combine not two negative ideas, but positive and negative, then in the negative part it is permissible to use too or as well. The translation will depend on the context:

I did my Math task but I did not do my English hometask too/ as well. - I did my math assignment, but I didn’t do my English assignment.

We will go to the seaside but we will not go to the mountains too/as well. - We will go to the sea, but we will not go to the mountains.

I hope you have mastered the theoretical part successfully, time to practice! Try to diversify your speech, don’t limit yourself to just one too. But be mindful of word order and intonation.

Enginform wishes you success in learning English! Our communities in

The English language is rich in adverbs, and special attention should be paid to their study, because... using them incorrectly can change the meaning of the entire sentence. In this article we will discuss the use of adverbs.

Adverbs also and as well

They have the same translation - " also, too" and are used in affirmative and interrogative sentences, although as well we use more often in oral speech, and also in writing. Now let’s find out exactly what place they should occupy in the sentence.

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Also takes place before the semantic verb, but in combination with the verb to be takes place after it. If a sentence contains two auxiliary verbs, also takes the place between them, and if the sentence contains a modal verb, also follows it.

She also baked the apple pie. – she also baked Apple pie(also found before the semantic verb baked)
He was also pleased to see you. – he was also pleased to see you (also comes after the auxiliary verb was)
This work should also be done today – this work also needs to be done today (also after a modal verb)
I have also been a chairman of the committee - I was also the chairman of the committee (also found between two auxiliary verbs)
Are you also happy? -Are you happy too? (before adjective)
Is he also hungry? – Is he really hungry? (before adjective)

Adverb as well takes place at the end of the sentence:

I'm going home as well. - I'm going home too.
This question is difficult as well – this question is also difficult
I am a teacher and my friend is a teacher as well - I am a teacher, and my friend is also a teacher
Are you a student as well? -Are you a student too?

Adverbs either and neither

Unlike the adverbs discussed above, the adverb either, also translated as “ also, too" is used to replace the adverb too in negative sentences, and to avoid confusion we will translate it into Russian as "also not".

She didn't listen to me either. “She didn’t listen to me either.”
I am not a student. My friend is not a student either. - I am not a student. My friend is not a student either.
If you don't want to go there we don't want to go either. – if you don’t want to go there, we don’t want to either.

The adverb either is also part of the conjunction either…or (or…or).

I’ll have either juice or ice-cream. – I’ll take either juice or ice cream

Adverb neither is part of the conjunction neither…nor (neither…nor), but can be used to mean “neither one nor the other; neither one nor the other” independently.

He has neither brothers, nor sisters. - He has no brothers or sisters.
She won't do this in neither case. “She won’t do it either way.”
Neither of these books is mine. “Neither of these two books belong to me.”
Do you like apples or plums? Neither. I like grapes - do you like apples or plums? - neither one nor the other. I love grapes

“Also”, “as well”, “in addition” - in Russian there are many ways to convey additional information. The situation is the same in English: there is also, as well, too and either.

What is the difference between them if they mean approximately the same thing? This is exactly the case when it is important Where we put the word. Let's look at how also, as well, too and either behave in sentences.

Also

Pronunciation and translation:
Also [ˈɔːlsəʊ] / [`olsou] - in addition, also

Meaning of the word:

Use:

This word is used more often in written English than in spoken English. It is always placed at the beginning of a sentence because it introduces new information. For example: This book is dedicated to the history of the First World War. Also (also) it touches on some previous events and the post-war years. The weather is expected to be cloudy and cold. Besides (also) light rain possible.

Also It is also possible to place it in the middle of a sentence, but only if it introduces a new thought. At the same time we put also between action and the person committing it. For example: I took a supply of food, a compass, matches and I Also (also) I didn’t forget about the mosquito repellent. We visited Munich and Berlin and we Also (also) stopped briefly in Brandenburg.

Example:

I trained hard and I also took a day-off to prepare, that’s how I won the marathon!
I trained hard and I Also I took the day off to prepare - that’s how I won the marathon!

The roof needs to be repaired. Also, we'll need to paint the walls.
The roof needs repair. Except Togo, we will need to paint the walls.

As well

Pronunciation and translation:
As well [æz wɛl] / [ez uel] - too, also

Meaning of the word: Provides additional information

Use:

As well is more common in oral speech, where it is used much more than also. However, unlike it, as well is always placed only at the end. For example: I have to prepare for exams and finish my coursework Same. Buy some milk and a couple of eggs and I want to make a pie, so get some apples Same.

Example:

I’ve washed the floors and I’ve cleaned the dust as well.
I washed the floors and wiped off the dust Same.

So, you’ve ordered a steak and a glass of wine. Would you like any dessert as well?
So, you ordered a steak and a glass of wine. Would you like some dessert? Also?

Too

Pronunciation and translation:
Too / [tu:] - too, also

Meaning of the word: Provides additional information

Use:

This word is usually placed at the very end. For example: We called each other on Christmas and her birthday Same (too). Dan thinks this is a bad idea - and so do I Same (too)!

Unlike as well, too can be placed immediately after person performing the action, in case too refers directly to this person (“me too”, “he too”). For example me Same (too) I think this is a bad idea! Everyone was discussing last news And we Same (too) decided to join the discussion.

Example:

This came as an absolute surprise for me and Jane too was amazed when I told her.
This was a complete surprise to me and Jane Also I was amazed when I told her.

Paris is a fantastic city but I liked Berlin too.
Paris is an amazing city, but I liked Berlin Same.

Either

Pronunciation and translation:
Either [ˈaɪðə] / [`аythe] - also not

Meaning of the word: Provides additional information in sentences that contain negation

Use:

In sentences where there is a negation (“not”), instead of also, as well and too, another word is used - either. It always comes at the end. For example: Tommy didn’t do his homework even for the first lesson. Same Not came ( either). I haven't read this book or the movie based on it. Same Not watched ( either).

Example:

Sam doesn’t want to follow my advice but he doesn’t know what to do either.
Sam doesn't want to follow my advice, but what should he do? Same Not knows.

I didn’t check my organizer and nobody reminded me about the meeting either.
I didn't check my organizer and no one was waiting for me Same Not reminded.

What is the difference?

All the words we examined (also,aswell,too,either) enter additional information. The difference is in the scope of use and where we put them.

Also- more typical for writing. It is placed either at the very beginning of the sentence, or between the action and the person performing it. For example: The film's script was not bad, but the actors let us down. More (also), the special effects seemed tasteless to me. These plants tolerate water easily and they Also (also) make do with a small amount of water.

Aswell - used in spoken language. Always placed at the end. For example : Since you're going to the store, buy me a chocolate bar too (as well). My friend bought a cool bike and now I want one for myself Same (as well).

Too- is placed either at the end or immediately after the person performing the action if too refers to him. For example: We bought a lot of souvenirs and took a lot of photos Same (too). Your mother is against this decision and, frankly speaking, I am Same (too) I think it’s too early for you to get behind the wheel.

Either- is placed at the end and is used only in negative sentences. For example: the weather was bad, so we didn’t go for a walk or to the cinema Same Not went ( either). No one told Dan to read the fine print in the contract, and he himself Same Not figured out how to do it ( either).

Reinforcement task

Fill in the correct words in the following sentences. Leave your answers in the comments.

1. “Have you heard this news?” - "No and you?" - "I did not hear ___".
2. My wife doesn't want to move and I honestly don't want ___.
3. Order pizza and cola ___.
4. Sell your car? I thought about this ___, but it won't solve my problems!
5. Everyone came to the party in suits, and we ___ decided to dress up.
6. “Have a nice weekend!” - "And you ___".
7. The work must be submitted in paper form of no more than three pages. ___ font should be size twelve with standard line spacing.
8. Fixing the car will cost me $1000 and it ___ will leave me without transportation for an indefinite period.

Where in the sentence should the adverb "also" appear?

• Answer

Hello - thanks for writing in. This is a good question but I’m afraid it’s got a difficult answer: grammatically, also can be put in lots of different places in a sentence, but changing its place will also change the meaning and emphasis of the sentence.

Hello, thank you for contacting us (writing). It’s a good question, but I’m afraid it’s difficult to answer: grammatically, “also” can have many places in a sentence, but in different places it gives the sentence different shades of meaning.

First of all, let’s discuss the role of also – what does it do? Well, it helps us to join two ideas together. It has the same meaning as "too" or "as well". As far as the placing of also is concerned, have a look at these example sentences which are all grammatically correct:

First of all, let's discuss what the role of the adverb "also" is - what does it do? It helps us connect two statements (ideas) together. Its synonyms are the words "too" or "as well". But the place in the sentence may be different. Take a look at the following sentences, they are all grammatically correct:

1. Also, I think that you should consider quitting your job.

I also think you need to think about quitting your job.

2. I also think that you should consider quitting your job.

I also think you need to think about quitting your job.

3. I think that you also should consider quitting your job.

I think you also need to think about quitting your job.

4. I think that you should also consider quitting your job.

I think you should also think about quitting your job.

5. I think that you should consider also quitting your job.

I think you also need to think about quitting your job.

6. I think that you should consider quitting your job also.

I think that, among other things, you need to think about quitting your job.

That’s right, it can go in lots of places! As I said before, changing the position alters the emphasis and meaning of the sentence. As it is an adverb, it’s probably most commonly used next to a verb, but as you have heard, this isn’t fixed if you particularly want to stress another part of the sentence. Basically, you put also next to or as close as possible to the word that you are highlighting.

That's right: "also" can appear in a variety of places in a sentence. I have already said that changing its place also changes the shades of the meaning of the sentence. Since "also" is an adverb, its most likely place is after the verb. But you already know that this place is not fixed: if you wish, you can emphasize another part of the sentence. General principle: "also" should be placed as close as possible to (or immediately after) the word you want to emphasize.

Another important thing to note is that the use of commas (when written) or pauses (when spoken) can again change the meaning of the sentence. Compare these:

It is also important to note that the use of commas (in writing) and pauses (in speech) can also change the meaning of a sentence. Compare offers:

a) I also think that it is very expensive.

a) Besides, I think it is very expensive.

b) I, also, think that it is very expensive.

b) Like you, I think it is very expensive.

Which one of these implies that the speaker has already told you something else they think? The answer is (a) I also think that it is very expensive. Sentence (b) I, also, think that it is very expensive suggests that someone else has already expressed this opinion.

Which of these two sentences indicates that the speaker has previously told you something about his thoughts (and is now adding to it)? This sentence (a) I also think that it is very expensive (Besides, I think that it is very expensive). Sentence (b) I, also, think that it is very expensive (I, like you, think that it is very expensive) suggests that another interlocutor has already expressed his opinion earlier.

Basically you need to remember that we use "also" to add information to something we have already said and you need to place it in the sentence next to the thing or idea that you are adding. I hope this makes it clear!