Residents of Kalmykia celebrated the national holiday of Tsagan Sar. Tsagan Sar - Kalmyk spring holiday Tsagan Sar message

Tsagan Sar(Mong. Tsagaan sar; Bur. Sagaalgan; Tuv. Shagaa; southern Alt. Chaga Bayram) is a holiday marking the beginning of spring (according to the lunisolar calendar) among the Mongol-speaking and Turkic peoples.

history of the holiday

Origin
The origin of Tsagan Sara is directly related to the long-standing traditions inherent in the Mongolian as well as the Turkic people. This celebration is a kind of symbol of the rebirth of not only human essence, but also of all nature as a whole.

Tsagan Sar brings with it a renewal of human openness, hopes, good thoughts and positive expectations. The name of the holiday is translated as “white month”, since initially this holiday was accompanied by the consumption of dairy products and was celebrated in the fall.

Tsagan Sar in the 13th century
The Great Khan of the Yuan Dynasty Kublai, the grandson of Genghis Khan, under the influence of Chinese astrology, moved the New Year celebration to the end of winter and the Mongolian holiday was timed to coincide with the beginning of the year according to a 12-year cycle.

Witness of the “White Festival” and contemporary of Kublai Kublai Marco Polo This is how this holiday is described: “Their year begins in February; The Great Khan and all his subjects celebrate this way: according to custom, everyone dresses in white, both men and women, as best they can. White clothes are considered lucky among them, so they do this, dress in white, so that there will be happiness and prosperity all year round... They bring him great gifts... so that the Great Khan will have a lot of wealth all year round and he will be happy and happy. I’ll tell you again, princes and knights, and all the people give each other white things, hug, have fun, feast, and this is done in order to live happily and kindly throughout the year. On this day, you should also know that more than one hundred thousand glorious and expensive white horses are presented to the Great Khan. On the same day, five thousand elephants are brought out under white blankets, embroidered with animals and birds; Each elephant has on its back two beautiful and expensive caskets, and in them are the dishes of the Great Khan and rich harness for this white gathering. Many more camels are being brought out; they are also blanketed and loaded with everything necessary for the gift. Both elephants and camels pass in front of the Great Khan, and such beauty has never been seen anywhere! ...And when the great sovereign has reviewed all the gifts, tables are set up and everyone sits down at them... And after dinner the magicians come and amuse the court, as you have already heard before; when all this is over, everyone goes home.”

After the Mongols left China in the 14th century, the Tsagan Sara traditions were transported to Mongolia. The name of the holiday acquired a more general meaning, losing its “milk” meaning. The name “white month” reflects the color symbolism inherent in the Mongolian-speaking peoples, for whom white is associated with happiness and prosperity, and is a symbol of holiness and purity.

Buddhist celebration traditions

Once Tibetan Buddhism spread throughout Mongolian countries in the 17th century, this holiday began to acquire some features inherent in Buddhism, rituals and mythology.

Rituals
The basic principle of traditional New Year rituals in Buddhism is liberation from all sins accumulated over the current year. The main ritual is fasting with repentance, which lasts only 1 day (Tib. sojong).

A ceremony typical of Buddhism takes place to destroy the symbol of accumulated evil in a person - the burning of “trash” (black pyramid). To get rid of all the accumulated evil, the black pyramid is burned, thus making a sacrifice to the local spirits. This ritual helps a person begin New Year in spiritual purity.

Over the next 2 weeks, Buddhists glorify the new year and celebrate, as well as his victory over 6 non-religious teachers. The New Year, which is celebrated in Mongolia, is analogous to the canonical celebration of Losar (New Year) in Tibet.

Popular mythology
In Buddhism, the Tsagan Sar festival, spring, the deity Dharmapala and the goddess are directly related to each other. If you believe the legend, then in each new year, after the victory over the mangus - the demons that were created by Brahma, and the salvation of the sun eaten by the lord Yama (Mongolian Erleg nomyn haan), it returns again to the earth and gives light and warmth, marking the onset of a new spring. Cold days give way to warm ones, and a new period economic activity comes into effect. Cattle breeders summarize the losses that winter brought them and glorify the warm season with undisguised enthusiasm and joy. The appearance of the very goddess who in Buddhism symbolizes anger and rage often goes hand in hand with the Elder. The white old man is the embodiment of safety of life, longevity, fertility and prosperity, an integral part in the Buddhist pantheon.

Sagaalgan in modern times
After the introduction of the Gregorian calendar (19th century) in Kalmykia, the holiday lost its status as a starting point for the new year. Only the Volga Kalmyks preserved these traditions and rituals. All subsequent generations living in Korea People's Republic, continue to celebrate Tsagan Sar as the beginning of a new year. The Chinese New Year begins at the same time, which significantly influenced the strengthening of the status of Tsagan Sara.

Holiday in modern times
Already in the 30s of the last century in countries Soviet Union Tsagan Sar was banned. And only after the war the traditions were restored. In 1990, the holiday received national status. Currently, in Buryatia and in the territories of ABAO and UOBAO, the 1st day of Sagaalgan (Tsagan Sara) is a legal day off. Tsagan Sar is celebrated in Tyva, Altai and the Republic of Kalmykia, where it is customary to rest on this day in accordance with the Law of October 13, 2004. N 156-III-З “On holidays and memorable days in the Republic of Kalmykia.”

Rituals and traditions

People prepared for the onset of this celebration in advance. Cattle were slaughtered for future use, because on the days of the holiday itself it was strictly forbidden to do this. The holiday was celebrated in every home. New elegant clothes were hung on ropes and clothes were shaken out. On this day, it is customary to cook beef, lamb, horse meat, and buuzy (a traditional Mongolian dish).

Ritual mutual greeting
To this day, greeting is treated as a very important ritual action. If two people walking along the road meet, they should greet each other in a special way. The length of the greeting is sometimes amazing. Tuvans, for example, after saying hello during the holiday, could then ignore each other for a year: on the right day they said hello and that was enough until the onset of a new Tsagan Sara.

But in Kalmykia things were a little different. Having met a person, they always asked: “Did the members and livestock come out of winter safely?” All words were accompanied by certain gestures, which were different depending on the gender and age of the person.

The gestures of the Tuvans, Mongols and Buryats were as follows: the younger one gave the older one, or the woman gave both hands to the man (if they were the same age). At the same time, the palms were directed upward, so that the elder would place his hands on them, palms down. The younger one supports the older one by the elbows, which symbolizes respect, help and support.

Such welcoming gestures to Kalmyks are a little different. In response to extending both hands, the elder gave only one - the right one. The first one grabbed it with his hands from both sides. Both one and the other bowed their heads, as if bowing. Sometimes the elder offered both hands, after which the gestures were repeated. Kalmyks could also greet their peers in the same way. As for women, during the ritual they had to lower their sleeves down as much as possible to hide their hands.

If a person comes to someone else's house, the greeting is different. The one who greeted got down on one knee, put his palms to his forehead and uttered the traditional words: “We have come out of winter safely!”

Visiting
Going to visit on this day is a mandatory condition of the holiday. Regardless of how far relatives live from each other, on this day they were required to visit each other.

There is a certain order of visits and the nature of the gifts. It all depends on the position of a particular person. Particular attention was always paid to parents and maternal relatives. Women came to visit their husband's parents with their children in order to worship their ancestors. One of the obligatory holiday gifts was a bunch of baursaks (a traditional flour product).

Present
The dish “baursak” is a traditional pastry made from butter unleavened dough and fried in boiling oil. Baursaks were used to make portioned sets. The “first portion” was presented to the Buddhas, and the rest were given to relatives and friends. Baursaks have great symbolic meaning. So, animal figurines from butter dough symbolized the desire to have offspring of livestock.

Baursaks, having the appearance of a ram (“khuts”), expressed a desire for offspring of this particular type of animal. In addition, the figurine of a ram reflected a long-standing ritual of sacrifice, that is, the symbol replaced the animal that was offered to deities in ancient times. The “whale” baursaks, whose shape resembled the internal contents of a horse, had the same meaning.

Baursaks “evrte tokhsh” personified cattle, twisted “moshkmr” were associated with the national dish of boiled lamb entrails. In order to lure good luck and success, they fried baursaks “jola”, reminiscent of a reason. If people had a desire to live as a single family, then they presented baursak - “shoshrkh”.

Offerings
From early morning on the day of Tsagar Sara, the ritual of sprinkling was performed (Kalm. zung orghn). It consisted in the fact that the owner of the home, upon crossing the threshold, sprinkled freshly brewed tea around. It was a kind of offering to the ancestors and the Elder.

Burkhans were presented with baursaks in the form of the sun or lotus. Don Kalmyks were especially fond of tassel-shaped baursaks, similar to a lotus - “burkhan zala”, or “tsatsg”. They were placed on top of the “Deeji boortsg”. Baursaks in the form of the sun were called "havtha" or "tselvg". “Khavtha” is a whole flatbread, along the edges of which tucks or 4 holes were made in the center, “tselvg” has smooth edges, and holes are located radially along the circumference. Both types of baursaks were prepared first and served as deedzhi. All types of prepared baursaks were collected in a set.

Tsagan is one of the most beloved national holidays of our people. Since ancient times, Kalmyks revered it as a holiday of the onset of spring, the awakening of nature. Therefore, when meeting on the days of the Tsagan holiday, the Kalmyks, after the generally accepted greeting, asked the question: “Have you had a good winter?” To which the usual answer was: “Yes, we overwintered well” or “Everything is fine, the cattle also overwintered without losses.”

Tsagan is celebrated two months after Zul, on the first day of the first spring month, and this month is called Tsagan Sar.

Kalmyks were looking forward to this day. Firstly, because apart from holidays, Kalmyks had no more days for fun and meetings. Secondly, with the onset of spring, the difficult winter with piercing winds and snow drifts ended, green grass in the steppe, which means it was possible to drive cattle out to pasture.

The Kalmyks have a legend that nature gives a sign of the coming of spring by the appearance of a gopher from a hole. Many did not believe in him, went to the steppe to check, and were often convinced: as it was, the gopher appeared from a hole.

People took their best clothes out of their chests and dressed themselves, the most delicious dishes were preparing for the holiday to treat the guests. Everything is according to the proverb: “Wear the best clothes yourself, serve the best food to the guest.”

Tsagan Sar was celebrated by the Kalmyks before and now by the whole world, which is why it is called a national holiday. And everyone tried to celebrate the holiday widely and cheerfully, because there was a belief: as you celebrate spring, you will reap the harvest (meaning, the richer you celebrate, the richer the harvest will be). Therefore, the tables were crowded with delicious and rare dishes.

Children loved the Tsagan Sar holiday very much, because they were dressed beautifully and elegantly, often new clothes were sewn for them on the occasion of the holiday, and they were allowed to visit relatives. And when visiting, they were presented with delicacies and given money. And the children ate plenty of sweets, filled their pockets with them, brought them home, and hid them there, stretching out the sweet holiday for several more days.

They prepared for the holiday long before its onset: they cleaned the house, sewed new outfits, and did a lot of laundry. Before the holiday, women always washed their hair and put on beautiful shivrlg (hair covers) on their braids, which were made of black velvet, although not everyone could afford to buy this expensive material at that time. The fattest, well-fed sheep were chosen from the flock and slaughtered, because it was difficult to even imagine a festive table without meat, and besides, meat is a traditional dish festive table, covered in Tsagan Sar. Equally traditional dish there were also wrestlers who, on the occasion of the holiday, did different types and different shapes. For example, they baked: tselvg, horkha bortsg, ket, zhola, khutsyn tolga. Each type of wrestler carried its own meaning. For example, the Jorja Borcicos tried to bake as many as possible, because it was believed that their number would contribute to the growth of livestock numbers.

The evening before Tsagan Sar, they place a deezh, in which you must put three tselvg, several horkha bortsik, ket, khutsin tolga, zhola bortsg, sweets, and cookies. They light a zul (lamp) and finger their rosary, because on this day, the last day of winter, lunar calendar, is a day of prayer and purification.

The treasure placed in front of the shrine must be eaten within three days, and it must be eaten with the family; it must not be given to strangers.

The name of the holiday “Tsagan” has one translation - white, because the Kalmyks associate everything pure, bright and good with white. There is even a wish: “Have a safe journey for you,” which means wishing you good luck. Milk is white, and therefore the attitude towards it is special, if not respectful.

Finally, the first day of spring arrives - the first day of the month of Tsagan Sar. In the morning of this day, the mother brews Kalmyk tea, which on this day should be especially aromatic and tasty, so milk, butter, and nutmeg are added in full, without sparing. Then the mother takes things out of the chest and hangs them out on a pre-stretched rope to ventilate them, to refresh them in the first spring sun. After which the mother dressed herself up elegant dress, and always with a white collar.

By the time the mother makes tea and takes care of the housework, the children wake up. Parents congratulate them on the holiday and kiss them on the right cheek, saying: “Be happy, live long, and next year I will kiss you on the left cheek.” The next year the procedure is repeated in the same order and the same words are pronounced. According to popular belief, this ritual made children live in joyful anticipation of the next holiday, and happy children are less likely to get sick. This ritual is called "tsagalgn".

A special, respectful attitude towards her father-in-law placed the daughter-in-law within strict limits that she was not allowed to cross. She had no right to show her father-in-law open parts of her body, except for her hands and face; the father-in-law, in turn, according to the same customs, had no right to touch his daughter-in-law.

But on the day of the Tsagan holiday they had to congratulate each other. And it was done like this: the father-in-law extended his right hand to his daughter-in-law, while the daughter-in-law put her hands, but covered with sleeves, to her father-in-law’s hand, and bowed to him three times.

After performing all the above-mentioned rituals, the family sat down to drink tea. At the same time, the eldest in the family had to say yoryal, congratulating everyone on the advent of Tsagan, wishing the family happiness, health and long life.

In Tsagan, children must visit their parents’ house and congratulate them on the holiday. In former times, a daughter-in-law, going to the house of her husband’s parents, carried with her tea already brewed at home and, entering her father-in-law’s house, poured it into bowls and treated her. And the old people said yoryal in response.

Tsagan Sar lasts for a whole month, so you could visit every day, throughout the month.

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Slide captions:

MUNICIPAL STATE PRESCHOOL EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION D/S "GERL" Kalmyk holiday of welcoming spring - Tsa h an sar. The presentation was prepared by: Ovkadzhieva Danara Talyevna, teacher in Ergeninsky village, 2018.

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar Tsagan-Sar is one of the most beloved national holidays of our people. Since ancient times, Kalmyks revered it as a holiday of the onset of spring, the awakening of nature. With the onset of spring, the Kalmyks ended their difficult winter, green grass appeared in the steppe, which meant it was possible to drive their cattle out to pasture. The Kalmyks have a legend that nature gives a sign of the coming of spring by the appearance of a gopher from a hole.

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar In the fragrant, clean month of Tsagan. Spring has just arrived in Kalmykia! The steppes are breathing again The gopher has awakened from sleep!

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar Tsagan Sar means “white” or “happy” month. It was a long time ago, when the Volga banks had not yet become a shelter for thousands of tents, when they were still roaming the endless steppes of western Mongolia, when there was no name Kalmyk, but there were Oirat tribes, even then, under Genghis Khan, the people celebrated the Tsagan Sar holiday, rejoicing at the first the whistle of a gopher and the first rays of the spring sun. We prepared for the Tsagan Sar holiday in advance. They slaughtered a ram, cooked the meat, a mutton head and legs, and fried the wrestlers. They took out outfits from the chests and hung them in the tent. They dressed in their best clothes, visited each other, drank tea, and gave gifts. The traditional gift was a bunch of wrestlers. And relatives on the maternal side were given shiir - legs of lamb.

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar Bortsoki was prepared from rich unleavened dough and fried in boiling fat. They were used to make sets of “deeji boortsg” for presenting “deeji” - the first portion to the Burkhans, and gift “ger belg” - for presenting to relatives during holiday visits. The uniform of the wrestlers included in the sets had a symbolic meaning.

Types of wrestlers

Types of wrestlers

Types of wrestlers

Types of wrestlers

Types of wrestlers

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar The biggest fun began in the evening, when the cattle were driven into the bases, the cows were milked and fed. Then people gathered in one house and had a party: the dombra played, songs were sung, and they started dancing. In a word, we had fun from the heart. Tsagan-Sar lasts for a whole month, so you could visit every day, throughout the whole month.

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar

Kalmyk holiday Tsagan Sar The holiday Tsagan Sar is the most fun Kalmyk holiday. This holiday was celebrated three days earlier. We walked and had fun, played games and competitions.

Thank you for your attention!

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Popular mythology

Buddhist popular mythology associates the festival of Tsagan Sar, the beginning of spring, with the name of the Buddhist deity Dharmapala, the goddess Baldan Lhamo. According to legend, every year after another victory over the mangus and saving the sun, swallowed by the lord of hell Yama (Mong. Erleg nomyn haan), she descends to the ground, warms it with her warmth, and spring begins. The cold weather is receding, the winter lack of food is disappearing, new season in the economic activities of pastoralists. They count the losses caused by winter and rejoice at the approaching warm season.

The image of an angry Buddhist goddess is sometimes adjacent to the image of the White Old Man (Mongolian: Tsagaan өvgon), the traditional Buddhist embodiment of fertility and longevity.

Holiday in modern times

Today is the first day of Sagaalgan in the republics of Altai, Buryatia, Tuva and the Trans-Baikal Territory, as well as in the territories of the Aginsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug and the Ust-Ordynsky Buryat Autonomous Okrug is a day off.

According to the Law of the Republic of Kalmykia dated October 13, 2004 N 156-III-Z “On holidays and memorable days in the Republic of Kalmykia,” the Tsagan Sar holiday is a national holiday of Kalmykia.

Traditions and rituals of celebration

They prepared for the celebrations in advance, slaughtering livestock for future use, since it was forbidden to do this directly on the days of the holiday. Celebrations took place in every home. They hung new outfits on the line and shook out all the clothes. They cooked meat - lamb, beef or horse meat, and prepared buuzas.

Ritual mutual greeting

The traditional greeting was an important ritual with which two people meeting each other on this day addressed each other. The meaning of this greeting is so great and the duration of its effect is so long that, for example, Tuvans could not say hello for a whole year, arguing that they had already said hello during the White Month.

Visiting

Visiting is an indispensable component of the Sagaalgan holiday. Even those living far away these days came to meet their relatives. There were certain norms: the order of visits and the nature of gifts depended on the person’s position. They visited their parents and maternal relatives - they always enjoyed special veneration; daughters-in-law came to the house of their husband's parents with their children to worship their ancestors and patrons. An indispensable element of holiday gifts was a bunch of wrestlers.

Present

A traditional ritual gift is the national flour dish “bortsok”. Bortsoki were made from rich unleavened dough and fried in boiling fat. They were used to make sets for offering the “first portion” to the Buddhas, as well as gift sets for giving to relatives during holiday visits. The shape of the wrestlers included in the sets had a symbolic meaning: the animal figurines expressed the wish for the offspring of the corresponding livestock; in the form of a reason - good luck. Thus, the “khuts” wrestlers, sculpted in the form of a ram figurine, meant the wish for a large offspring of this type of livestock and reflected to some extent the ancient ritual of animal sacrifice, that is, they replaced the real sacrifice with its image. A similar role was played by the wrestlers “kit”, the shape of which resembled part of a horse’s entrails, and the wrestlers “Ovrte tokhsh”, symbolizing cattle. Wrestlers "moshkmr" - twisted, reminiscent National dish from boiled lamb entrails, small “horja” (literal translation: insects). The “jola” wrestlers, depicting a rein, were supposed to invoke endless luck. And by offering the wrestler “shoshhr”, they expressed the desire to live as a united family, and also to have protection from enemies.

Offerings

Early in the morning on the day of the holiday, the ritual of sprinkling was performed (kalm. zulg orgh): having crossed the threshold of the house, the owner sprinkled the first cup of freshly brewed tea around as an offering to the ancestors and the White Elder. Bortsoks in the form of the sun and lotus were used for symbolic offerings to burkhans. Among the Don Kalmyks, the type of wrestlers “burkhan zala”, or “tsatsg”, in the form of a tassel, symbolizing a lotus, was especially popular. He was placed at the top of “Deeji boortsg”. Bortsoki in the shape of the sun - large flat cakes, called in some ethnic groups“havtha”, in others - “tselvg”. “Khavtha” is a whole flatbread with tucks along the edges or with four holes in the center; the “tselvg” wrestlers have smooth edges, and small holes are located radially around their circumference. “Khavtha” or “tselvg” was prepared first and was invariably placed as deeji. All the other wrestlers listed above were also included in this set.

New moon days - Sagaalgan eve - from to

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Notes

Links

• RIA News

Bibliography

• Bakaeva E. P. Buddhism in Kalmykia. Elista, 1994.

Excerpt characterizing Tsagan Sar

"Who are they? Why are they? What do they need? And when will all this end? thought Rostov, looking at the changing shadows in front of him. The pain in my arm became more and more excruciating. Sleep was falling irresistibly, red circles were jumping in my eyes, and the impression of these voices and these faces and the feeling of loneliness merged with a feeling of pain. It was they, these soldiers, wounded and unwounded, - it was they who pressed, and weighed down, and turned out the veins, and burned the meat in his broken arm and shoulder. To get rid of them, he closed his eyes.
He forgot himself for one minute, but during this short period of oblivion he saw countless objects in his dreams: he saw his mother and her big white hand, saw Sonya’s thin shoulders, Natasha’s eyes and laughter, and Denisov with his voice and mustache, and Telyanin, and his whole story with Telyanin and Bogdanich. This whole story was one and the same thing: this soldier with a sharp voice, and this whole story and this soldier so painfully, relentlessly held, pressed and all pulled his hand in one direction. He tried to move away from them, but they did not let go of his shoulder, not even a hair, not even for a second. It wouldn’t hurt, it would be healthy if they didn’t pull it; but it was impossible to get rid of them.
He opened his eyes and looked up. The black canopy of night hung an arshin above the light of the coals. In this light, particles of falling snow flew. Tushin did not return, the doctor did not come. He was alone, only some soldier was now sitting naked on the other side of the fire and warming his thin yellow body.
“Nobody needs me! - thought Rostov. - There is no one to help or feel sorry for. But I was once at home, strong, cheerful, loved.” “He sighed and involuntarily groaned with a sigh.
- Oh, what hurts? - asked the soldier, shaking his shirt over the fire, and, without waiting for an answer, he grunted and added: - You never know how many people have been spoiled in a day - passion!
Rostov did not listen to the soldier. He looked at the snowflakes fluttering over the fire and remembered the Russian winter with a warm, bright house, a fluffy fur coat, fast sleighs, a healthy body and with all the love and care of his family. “And why did I come here!” he thought.
The next day, the French did not resume the attack, and the rest of Bagration’s detachment joined Kutuzov’s army.

Prince Vasily did not think about his plans. He even less thought of doing evil to people in order to gain benefit. He was only a secular man who had succeeded in the world and made a habit out of this success. He constantly, depending on the circumstances, depending on his rapprochement with people, drew up various plans and considerations, of which he himself was not well aware, but which constituted the entire interest of his life. Not one or two such plans and considerations were in his mind, but dozens, of which some were just beginning to appear to him, others were achieved, and others were destroyed. He did not say to himself, for example: “This man is now in power, I must gain his trust and friendship and through him arrange for myself to be extradited.” lump sum benefit“, or he did not say to himself: “Pierre is rich, I must lure him to marry his daughter and borrow the 40 thousand I need”; but a man in strength met him, and at that very moment instinct told him that this man could be useful, and Prince Vasily became close to him and at the first opportunity, without preparation, by instinct, flattered, became familiar, talked about what what was needed.
Pierre was under his arm in Moscow, and Prince Vasily arranged for him to be appointed a chamber cadet, which was then equivalent to the rank of state councilor, and insisted that the young man go with him to St. Petersburg and stay in his house. As if absent-mindedly and at the same time with an undoubted confidence that this should be so, Prince Vasily did everything that was necessary in order to marry Pierre to his daughter. If Prince Vasily had thought about his plans ahead, he could not have had such naturalness in his manners and such simplicity and familiarity in his relations with all the people placed above and below himself. Something constantly attracted him to people stronger or richer than himself, and he was gifted with the rare art of catching exactly the moment when it was necessary and possible to take advantage of people.
Pierre, having unexpectedly become a rich man and Count Bezukhy, after recent loneliness and carelessness, felt so surrounded and busy that he could only be left alone with himself in bed. He had to sign papers, deal with government offices, the meaning of which he had no clear idea of, ask the chief manager about something, go to an estate near Moscow and receive many people who previously did not want to know about his existence, but now would offended and upset if he didn’t want to see them. All these various persons - businessmen, relatives, acquaintances - were all equally well disposed towards the young heir; all of them, obviously and undoubtedly, were convinced of the high merits of Pierre. He constantly heard the words: “With your extraordinary kindness,” or “with your wonderful heart,” or “you yourself are so pure, Count...” or “if only he were as smart as you,” etc., so he He sincerely began to believe in his extraordinary kindness and his extraordinary mind, especially since it always seemed to him, deep down in his soul, that he was really very kind and very smart. Even people who had previously been angry and obviously hostile became tender and loving towards him. Such an angry eldest of the princesses, with a long waist, with hair smoothed like a doll’s, came to Pierre’s room after the funeral. Lowering her eyes and constantly flushing, she told him that she was very sorry for the misunderstandings that had happened between them and that now she felt she had no right to ask for anything, except permission, after the blow that had befallen her, to stay for a few weeks in the house that she loved so much and where made so many sacrifices. She couldn't help but cry at these words. Touched that this statue-like princess could change so much, Pierre took her hand and asked for an apology, without knowing why. From that day on, the princess began to knit a striped scarf for Pierre and completely changed towards him.
– Do it for her, mon cher; “All the same, she suffered a lot from the dead man,” Prince Vasily told him, letting him sign some kind of paper in favor of the princess.
Prince Vasily decided that this bone, a bill of 30 thousand, had to be thrown to the poor princess so that it would not occur to her to talk about Prince Vasily’s participation in the mosaic portfolio business. Pierre signed the bill, and from then on the princess became even kinder. The younger sisters also became affectionate towards him, especially the youngest, pretty, with a birthmark, often embarrassed Pierre with her smiles and embarrassment at the sight of him.
It seemed so natural to Pierre that everyone loved him, it would seem so unnatural if someone did not love him, that he could not help but believe in the sincerity of the people around him. Moreover, he did not have time to ask himself about the sincerity or insincerity of these people. He constantly had no time, he constantly felt in a state of meek and cheerful intoxication. He felt like the center of some important general movement; felt that something was constantly expected of him; that if he didn’t do this, he would upset many and deprive them of what they expected, but if he did this and that, everything would be fine - and he did what was required of him, but something good remained ahead.
More than anyone else at this first time, Prince Vasily took possession of both Pierre’s affairs and himself. Since the death of Count Bezukhy, he has not let Pierre out of his hands. Prince Vasily had the appearance of a man weighed down by affairs, tired, exhausted, but out of compassion, unable to finally abandon this helpless young man, the son of his friend, to the mercy of fate and the swindlers, apres tout, [in the end,] and with such a huge fortune. In those few days that he stayed in Moscow after the death of Count Bezukhy, he called Pierre to himself or came to him himself and prescribed to him what needed to be done, in such a tone of fatigue and confidence, as if he was saying every time:
“Vous savez, que je suis accable d"affaires et que ce n"est que par pure charite, que je m"occupe de vous, et puis vous savez bien, que ce que je vous propose est la seule chose faisable." [ You know, I’m overwhelmed with business; but it would be merciless to leave you like this; of course, what I’m telling you is the only possible thing.]
“Well, my friend, tomorrow we’re going, finally,” he told him one day, closing his eyes, moving his fingers on his elbow and in such a tone, as if what he was saying had been decided a long time ago between them and could not be decided otherwise.
“We’re going tomorrow, I’ll give you a place in my stroller.” I am very happy. Everything important is over here. But I should have needed it a long time ago. This is what I received from the chancellor. I asked him about you, and you were enlisted in the diplomatic corps and made a chamber cadet. Now the diplomatic path is open to you.
Despite the strength of the tone of fatigue and the confidence with which these words were spoken, Pierre, who had been thinking about his career for so long, wanted to object. But Prince Vasily interrupted him in that cooing, bassy tone that excluded the possibility of interrupting his speech and which he used when extreme persuasion was necessary.
- Mais, mon cher, [But, my dear,] I did it for myself, for my conscience, and there is nothing to thank me for. No one ever complained that he was too loved; and then, you are free, even if you quit tomorrow. You will see everything for yourself in St. Petersburg. And it’s high time for you to move away from these terrible memories. – Prince Vasily sighed. - Yes, yes, my soul. And let my valet ride in your carriage. Oh yes, I forgot,” Prince Vasily added, “you know, mon cher, that we had scores with the deceased, so I received it from Ryazan and will leave it: you don’t need it.” We will settle with you.
What Prince Vasily called from “Ryazan” were several thousand quitrents, which Prince Vasily kept for himself.
In St. Petersburg, just like in Moscow, there is an atmosphere of gentle, loving people surrounded Pierre. He could not refuse the place or, rather, the title (because he did nothing) that Prince Vasily brought him, and there were so many acquaintances, calls and social activities that Pierre, even more than in Moscow, experienced a feeling of fog and haste and everything coming, but some good not happening.
Many of his former bachelor society were not in St. Petersburg. The guard went on a campaign. Dolokhov was demoted, Anatole was in the army, in the provinces, Prince Andrei was abroad, and therefore Pierre was not able to spend his nights as he had previously liked to spend them, or to occasionally unwind in a friendly conversation with an older, respected friend. All his time was spent at dinners, balls and mainly with Prince Vasily - in the company of the fat princess, his wife, and the beautiful Helen.
Anna Pavlovna Scherer, like others, showed Pierre the change that had occurred in the public view of him.
Previously, Pierre, in the presence of Anna Pavlovna, constantly felt that what he was saying was indecent, tactless, and not what was needed; that his speeches, which seem smart to him while he prepares them in his imagination, become stupid as soon as he speaks loudly, and that, on the contrary, the stupidest speeches of Hippolytus come out smart and sweet. Now everything he said came out charmant. If even Anna Pavlovna did not say this, then he saw that she wanted to say it, and she only, in respect of his modesty, refrained from doing so.
At the beginning of the winter from 1805 to 1806, Pierre received from Anna Pavlovna the usual pink note with an invitation, which added: “Vous trouverez chez moi la belle Helene, qu"on ne se lasse jamais de voir.” [I will have a beautiful Helene , which you will never get tired of admiring.]
Reading this passage, Pierre felt for the first time that some kind of connection had formed between him and Helene, recognized by other people, and this thought at the same time frightened him, as if an obligation was being imposed on him that he could not keep. and together he liked it as a funny suggestion.
Anna Pavlovna's evening was the same as the first, only the novelty that Anna Pavlovna treated her guests to was now not Mortemart, but a diplomat who had arrived from Berlin and brought the latest details about the stay of Emperor Alexander in Potsdam and how the two highest each other swore there in an indissoluble alliance to defend the just cause against the enemy of the human race. Pierre was received by Anna Pavlovna with a tinge of sadness, which obviously related to the fresh loss that befell the young man, to the death of Count Bezukhy (everyone constantly considered it their duty to assure Pierre that he was very upset by the death of his father, whom he hardly knew) - and sadness exactly the same as the highest sadness that was expressed at the mention of the august Empress Maria Feodorovna. Pierre felt flattered by this. Anna Pavlovna, with her usual skill, arranged circles in her living room. The large circle, where Prince Vasily and the generals were, used a diplomat. Another mug was at the tea table. Pierre wanted to join the first, but Anna Pavlovna, who was in the irritated state of a commander on the battlefield, when thousands of new brilliant thoughts come that you barely have time to put into execution, Anna Pavlovna, seeing Pierre, touched his sleeve with her finger.

associated not only with food restrictions, but also with a voluntary refusal of all kinds of entertainment. For example, during multi-day fasts it is not customary to “play” weddings.

In this material we will list all the Orthodox fasts of 2020 (one-day and multi-day) and tell you when they will take place (dates and deadlines). In 2020, after the end of the Nativity Fast on January 6 and holidays associated with Christmas and Christmastide, the first one-day post will be January 18, 2020

on Epiphany Christmas Eve. Further, after Epiphany (after January 19, 2020), one-day posts believers hold every Wednesday and Friday for three weeks in a row (until Friday 7 February 2020) . These days you should stick to plant foods, but you can cook them in vegetable oil. Fast days are canceled on February 12, 2020 (Wed) and February 14, 2020 (Fri) , in connection with the continuous week in memory of the divine parable of the publican and the Pharisee. Next week again.

Wednesday February 19, 2020 and Friday February 21, 2020 Lenten After Easter week ( during which there is no fasting on Wednesday and Friday ) before Trinity, i.e. from April 27, 2020 to June 7, 2020, every Wednesday and Friday fasting

, but with a fish permit. After Trinity and the festive Trinity Week () when fasting on Wednesday and Friday is canceled Petrov Fast 2020 begins on June 15, 2020

. Petrov's fast in 2020 lasts almost a month, more precisely 27 days, ending on Saturday June 11 before the day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul. During this fast, on many days it is allowed to add oil to dishes and eat fish, so this fast is quite mild. Only on the first Monday of Lent, June 15, 2020, on Fridays, June 26, 2020, and July 3, 2020, should you adhere to a strict lean diet. On the following summer days after the day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (July 12, 2020), Orthodox believers adhere to fast days only on Wednesdays and Fridays (however, with permission to use vegetable oil), up to.

until the Assumption Fast Dormition Fast 2020 begins on Friday, August 14, 2020 and lasts until Friday August 28, 2020, ending on the day of the Assumption. The Assumption Fast lasts 15 days and is strict. All his days are truly fast except Saturdays and Sundays, when oil is allowed. On the holidays of August 19, 2020 (Transfiguration of the Lord or Apple Savior) and August 28, 2020 (Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary), dishes with fish are added.

In September, October and November 2020 one-day posts follow after the day of the Holy Apostles Peter and Paul (July 12, 2020), Orthodox believers adhere to fast days only when dairy products, meat and eggs are not consumed, but are allowed vegetable oil. Strict Further, after Epiphany (after January 19, 2020), awaits believers September 11, 2020 on the Day of the Beheading of John the Baptist and September 27, 2020(Exaltation of the Holy Cross).

The Christmas (or Filippov) fast 2020 begins on November 28, 2020, last long post of the year 20. It continues until the Nativity of Christ 2021, ending on Christmas Eve January 6, 2021. The Nativity Fast lasts 40 days, but is not strict. Fish is allowed on holidays and weekends, and oil is allowed on almost all days. Only four days should be noted when one must fast strictly. These are Mondays 7 and 21 December 2020, Wednesday 9 December 2020 and Friday 25 December 2020.

All Orthodox posts for 2020 (briefly):
* All Wednesdays and Fridays 2020, except for Christmastide and continuous weeks (Publican and Pharisee, Cheese/Maslenitsa, Easter, Trinity).
* Epiphany Christmas Eve- one-day, January 18, 2020
* Lent - multi-day, from March 2, 2020 to April 18, 2020
* Petrov post- multi-day, from June 15, 2020 to July 11, 2020;
* Dormition post- multi-day, from August 14, 2020 to August 28, 2020
* Beheading of John the Baptist- one-day, September 11, 2020
* Exaltation of the Holy Cross- one-day, September 27, 2019
* Christmas (Filippov) post- multi-day, from November 28, 2020 to January 6, 2021.