Research project "The Amazing Properties of Water". Research work in physics “An amazing substance - water” Project on the topic “amazing properties of water”

MUNICIPAL BUDGETARY EDUCATIONAL SCHOOL

INSTITUTION SCHOOL No. 19 OF KINESHMA CITY DISTRICT

NAMED AFTER 212 TOMASHUVSKY KINESHEMSKY

RIFLE REGIMENT 49TH IVANOVSKAYA DIVISION

(MBOU school No. 19 named after 212 regiment)

Scientific research project

"The Amazing Properties of Water"

I've done the work:

student of 4th grade

Semenov Stepan

Supervisor:

Tsvetkova

Svetlana Vladimirovna

primary school teacher

Kineshma 2017

Content.

1. Introduction.

2.Goals and objectives.

3.Relevance.

4.History.

5.Composition.

6.Questioning.

7. Practical part.

8 .Conclusion and conclusions.

9 .References.

1. Introduction.

Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell.

You are impossible to describe, you are enjoyed,

not knowing what you are! You can't say that you

necessary for life: you are life itself. You

you fill us with joy that you can’t explain

with our feelings... You are the greatest wealth

in the world…

Antoine de Saint-Exupery

Water is a liquid compound that is odorless, tasteless and colorless. This is a secret of secrets. A person should take a deeper look into its essence. Water is the main miracle of the planet, it is the source from which life is nourished!

Water occupies a special position among the natural resources of the Earth, it is irreplaceable, it has been necessary in all centuries and everywhere where terrestrial life forms exist.

2. Topic of research work:

"The amazing properties of water."

I decided to start my research work by puttingtarget : find out what properties water has in different states and when interacting with various substances.

Then I formulatedtasks :

Find information about what properties water may have;

Find out from your classmates whether they know about the properties of water;

Get answers from your chemistry teacher to questions that interest me;

Conduct experiments.

Object of study : water.

Subject of study : what properties does water have?

Research methods:

Experiments, photo and video recording;

Working with information sources;

Social survey, conversation;

Analysis and synthesis of information.

3.Relevance : Watercovers about 2/3 of the surface of our planet. Man consists of approximately 65% ​​water. Man needs living water, just like most animals. Plants also need water in the soil. Life, as we understand it, is impossible without water. At least for this reason it can be considered magical.

Hypothesis : water in various states and when interacting with other substances has amazing properties.

4.History.

Water is everywhere; she is in touch with the past

and prepares the future; it flows under the poles and

present at high altitudes. If there

something truly mysterious on this planet,

so this is water.

Lauren Eisley

The origin of the word "water" is unknown. It arose in ancient times, and since then, this has been said about any “living” liquid, without which our existence, as well as all of nature, is impossible. The origin of the word “water” has another explanation. Water is very similar to the word "Veda" - Yes, which means - good truth. Thus, the name of the water is encrypted. And this property is given to her precisely in the Russian language.

Since ancient times, the highest minds of mankind have asked themselves the question: what is the essence of water, what is its significance in human life? The first scientific discovery in this area that has reached us is called the “Doctrine of the Four Elements.” It was written inIVcentury BC e. ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle. The four elements include earth, fire, water and air. Moreover, water serves as a source of cold and moisture. Subsequently, water also attracted the attention of the best scientific minds of its time. BeforeXVIIIcentury AD e. this substance was considered a separate chemical element.

Evidence that water is a chemical compound became known only in the 19th century. Only through experiments was it proven that water is a chemical compound and not a chemical element. Thus, through long-term research, the classic formula of water was obtained.

5.Composition.

Water is a special liquid. A water molecule consists of 2 hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. Thus, its chemical formula isH2O .

In everyday life, we can encounter water in any of its three states, and its form is constantly changing. Liquid waterevaporates that is, it changes from liquid to gaseous state. The gaseous form of water iswater vapor water vaporcondenses or changes from vapor to liquid. If you heat water to 100 degrees, it boils and turns into hot water vapor. At 0 degrees, water freezes and turns into solid ice.

6.Questionnaire:

I administered a short questionnaire to my class.

Target: Ask your classmates if they know that water has amazing properties and if they want to learn about them.

Questions:

1. Have you ever conducted experiments with water at home?

2. Do you think that if you put a paper clip in a glass of water, it will sink?

3. What do you think is heavier: water or oil?

a) oil;

b) water;

c) the same.

4. Would you like to check this using the example of my experiments with water and see clearly?

As a result of the survey:

1. Experiments with water were carried out at home by 10 people, which is 44%;

2. 9 people, 39%, thought that a paper clip would drown in a glass of water;

3. To the question: what is the heaviest thing, 10 people, 44%, answered that oil;

9-39% of people thought that water and 4 people, 17%, wrote that they were the same.

4. 22 people out of 23 respondents, 96%, would like to see all the experiments visually.

Conclusion : my classmates were interested and would like to see these experiments clearly.

7. Practical part.

Experiments 1, 2,3,4.

Target : prove that water has high surface tension.

Experience 1.

Required:

Water;

Coin;

Pipette.

Instructions:

1). I took the coin and placed it on a flat surface.

2). He carefully began to drip water from a pipette onto the coin.

3). For a two-ruble coin, 45 drops of water were removed. In this case, the water did not drain from the coin and took on a convex shape.

Conclusion: water has high surface tension. And it is precisely because of this that drops of water do not flow off the coin, but firmly maintain their convex shape.

Video attached.

Experience 2.

Required:

Water;

Cup;

Metal paper clip.

Instructions:

1). I poured water into a glass.

2). Then I tried to place a paper clip on the water. First the paperclip sank.

3). Then I tried to do everything carefully. It was a great experience! A paper clip floated on the surface of the water

Conclusion: water has high surface tension. It prevents the small metal clip from sinking.

Video attached .

Experience 3.

Required:

Water;

Plate;

Ground pepper;

Liquid soap.

Instructions:

1). I poured water onto the plate.

2). Added ground pepper. It was distributed over the surface of the water.

3). I dribbled liquid soap onto my finger and lowered my finger into the center of the plate. All the pepper was drawn to the edges of the plate.

Conclusion: water has high surface tension. The soap weakened the surface tension of the water in the center of the plate, and therefore the pepper was drawn to the edges of the plate, where the surface tension remained high.

Video attached .

Experience 4.

Required:

Soap solution;

Straw.

Instructions:

1).We prepared a soap solution in advance.

2).I went to blow soap bubbles on the street. The air temperature was below -15 degrees. I wanted to see what would happen to soap bubbles in the cold.

3). I carefully blew bubbles onto the snow surface. They did not burst, but froze, and over time they tore apart, like a film. It was very beautiful.

Conclusion: water has high surface tension. The soap reduced surface tension and allowed the surface of the water to stretch and create soap bubbles .

Video attached .

Conclusion: After conducting several experiments, I came to the conclusion thatthat water has high surface tension.

Experiments 5,6.

Target: prove that water pressure is less than air pressure.

Experience 5.

Required:

Water;

Empty bottle;

Plastic ball.

Instructions:

1).I poured a full bottle of water.

2).Put a plastic ball on the neck and turn the bottle over. He didn't fall.

Conclusion: on one side water presses on the ball, and on the other side (from the very bottom) - air! The water pressure in the bottle is less than the air pressure, so the ball does not fall.

Video attached .

Experience 6.

Required:

Water;

Dye;

Plate, glass;

Coin;

Chewing gum;

Matches.

Instructions:

1).I poured water tinted with dye onto a plate.

2).I stuck chewing gum on a coin and attached three matches to it.

3).I placed this design in a plate of water and lit matches.

4).Quickly covered the burning matches with a glass. When the matches went out, the water was drawn into the glass.

Conclusion: the fire heated the air inside the glass. As a result, the air expanded, which means its pressure also increased. As a result, some of the air began to escape from the glass. When the fire went out, the air cooled and decreased in volume again, which means its pressure also decreased and became less than the pressure of the outside air. It was this external pressure that pressed the water inside the glass.

Video attached .

Conclusion: water pressure is less than air pressure.

Experience 7.8.

Target: prove that passing through water, light can change its direction.

Experience 7.

Required:

Water;

Empty jar;

A few coins.

Instructions:

1). I poured water into the jar. I put two coins under the jar. Then he looked through the water on the side of the jar and did not see the coin.

3). To make the experience more interesting, I dropped a coin into the jar. She was visible through the glass. Looking from above, I saw all three coins.

Conclusion: When light passes from a less dense medium - air, into more dense water, at the border of these two substances there is a change in the direction of the light rays. Moving from water to air. When light passes from the denser medium of water to the less dense medium of air, the light is bent in the opposite direction. That's why we don't see the coin.

Video attached .

Experience 8.

Required:

Water;

A sheet of paper with arrows drawn on it;

Empty jar.

Instructions:

1). I placed a sheet with drawn arrows behind an empty jar.

2).Then I began to pour water into the jar. As the water reached the arrows, they changed their direction.

Conclusion: a jar of water works like a lens. When a ray of light passes through a lens, it bends towards the center. The point where the rays come together is called the focus, but beyond that the image is reversed because the rays change direction.

Video attached.

Conclusion: A ray of light passing through water can change its direction.

Experience 9.

Target: prove that the density of cold water is greater than the density of hot water.

Required:

Two glasses of cold water;

Two glasses of hot water;

Dyes;

Plastic card.

Instructions:

1). I added yellow dye to glasses with cold water, and red dye to glasses with hot water.

2). I put a plastic card on a glass of cold water. Turning the glass over, I placed it on a glass of hot water and carefully removed the card. Cold and hot water mixed.

3). Then, in the same way, we placed a glass of hot water on a glass of cold water. Cold and hot water did not mix.

Conclusion: The density of cold water is greater than the density of hot water.

Video attached.

Experiment 10 “Lava Lamp”:

Target: prove that water is heavier than sunflower oil.

Required:

Water;

Sunflower oil;

Dye;

Effervescent aspirin tablet;

Jar.

Instructions:

1). I filled 1/3 of the jar with water and the rest with oil.

3).Dropped an effervescent aspirin tablet into the jar.

4).Water is heavier than oil. In addition, they have the property of not mixing. When I added effervescent tablets inside the jar, they dissolved in water and began to release carbon dioxide and set the liquid in motion.

Conclusion: water is heavier than oil.

Video attached .

8 .Conclusions and conclusions:

Conclusions: To conduct each individual experiment, you need to createthe following conditions:

1). The water temperature for each experiment should be different.

2). To perform experiments, various substances or objects may be required.

3). Some experiments require care and precision in execution.

4). A certain group of experiments requires the help of an adult assistant.

5). If all conditions are met, all of the above experiments can be performed at home.

Conclusion: Water is an interesting substance for conducting experiments, having many different properties.

Important to remember!

The role of water in the life of our planet is amazing and has not yet been fully revealed. It’s even scary to think about what there would be seas and oceans, lakes and rivers on earth. How would all living things develop in this case? In this case, life on our planet could not even appear. It is to water that the Earth owes the emergence and development of life, therefore, without it, we would not exist. If there were no water, we would not know its structure, its properties, its value, its features.

Water is one of the most important natural resources of any territory. The rapid increase in water consumption and river pollution caused by the discharge of wastewater into them reduce the quality of water in water bodies. Lakes are polluted and overgrown. The demand for drinking water in the world is constantly growing.Today we often do not appreciate this treasure, which many feel lacking.

Although, ultimately, it is the person himself and his activities who suffer from the pollution of natural waters. Due to these circumstances, people's health is at serious risk. Therefore, it is necessary to create all conditions for the conservation of water resources. It is necessary to use water resources rationally and prevent their pollution. Only with clean water will our civilization develop. You can also purify water at home. I will talk about ways to purify water in the next video.

Video attached

9 .Materials used :

Experiments with water // Lessons in magic (Electronic resource).

Experiments with water for schoolchildren (Electronic resource)

Physical properties of water // All about water (Electronic resource).

Y. Perelman “Entertaining physics.”

Klochkova Anastasia

Project Manager:

Shitikova L.V.

Institution:

Municipal educational institution "Penovskaya secondary school" of the Tver region

Research work in biology "The amazing properties of water" is devoted to the study of the importance of water in nature and its use in human economic activity. The student conducts experiments to become familiar with the physical and chemical properties of water.

The biology project (environmental world) “The Amazing Properties of Water” contains experiments demonstrating the properties of the main substance contained in living organisms. Thus, the 5th grade student connects the results obtained with natural phenomena.

Introduction
Chapter 1. Water in human life and economic activity.
Chapter 2. Amazing water.
2.1 Water standard for measuring temperature, mass, heat and height
2.2 Three states of water
2.3 " Super chilled» water
2.4 " Mpemba effect»
2.5 Changes in the properties of ice when exposed to pressure
2.6 Heat capacity of water
2.7 Thermal conductivity of water
2.8 Surface tension of water
2.9 Water universal solvent
Chapter 3. Description of experiments performed demonstrating the amazing properties of water.
Conclusion
Bibliography
Applications

Introduction

If the glaciers melt, the water in the World Ocean will rise by more than 50 meters, which will lead to the flooding of gigantic land areas throughout the globe. It seems to me that it would be more correct to call our planet not Earth, but Water or Ocean. (see Fig. 1)

Few of us have thought about what water is. She accompanies us everywhere and, it seems, there is nothing more ordinary and simple. However, this is not the case. Almost all properties of water are exceptions in nature. It truly is the most amazing substance in the world.

Scientists have already learned a lot about water and unraveled many of its secrets. But the more they study water, the more they become convinced of the inexhaustibility of its properties, some of which still cannot be explained.

And so I set myself:

Target: explore the amazing properties of water.

Tasks:

• study information on this topic;
• learn about the importance of water in nature and its use in human economic activity;
• get acquainted with the physical and chemical properties of water;
• conduct experiments demonstrating the amazing properties of water and try to connect them with natural phenomena.

Object of study: water

Subject of study: properties of water.

Hypotheses: although water is the standard of several quantities, it is the most anomalous substance in nature and our everyday idea of ​​it does not always correspond to reality;

If the properties of water were not so unusual, then life on Earth would be impossible, or would take on completely different forms.

Group work of students of grade 4 "B"

Project "The Amazing Properties of Water". Water in nature, properties of water, properties of water in the service of humans, experiments with water, water protection, master class

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Where and how do people use the properties of water?

Without water, life on planet Earth is unthinkable, human life is unthinkable. Water is the most common, accessible and cheap substance. It is the availability and irreplaceability of water that has led to its widespread use in everyday life, industry and agriculture, medicine - in all spheres of human activity. It's hard to remember where water isn't used.

Water is the largest and most convenient road. Ships sail along it day and night, carrying various cargoes and passengers.

Water also feeds, being a habitat for game animals.

Water “extracts” electric current, working at hydroelectric power stations.

The role of water in nature and human life is immeasurably great. We can say that all living things consist of water and organic substances. She is an active participant in the formation of the physical and chemical environment, climate and weather. At the same time, it also affects the economy, industry, agriculture, transport and energy.

First of all, a person uses water for food: he quenches his thirst with it, and prepares dishes with it. Scientists have found that for the normal physical condition of all human organs, it is necessary to drink 1.5-2 liters of water per day, not counting the juices and other liquids drunk during the day

Personal hygiene cannot be accomplished without water. Washing requires up to 10 liters of water per person; when using a toilet in a house with forced sewerage, up to 45 liters daily; on average, up to 190 liters are allocated for bathing.

Rooms are cleaned using water. It is estimated that on average, up to 180-200 liters of water per day are spent on washing dishes, floors, windows, laundry, and watering indoor flowers.

Water is widely used in rural areas and in agriculture. Also, every year during the season, summer residents use large quantities of water to water their gardens.

Without water you cannot knead dough for bread, you cannot prepare concrete for construction, you cannot make paper, fabric for clothing, rubber, metal, candy, plastic, or medicine - nothing can be done without water.

When extinguishing fires, it is impossible to do without large volumes of water, since water in such cases is used both as a coolant and as an insulating liquid in the foam composition (it does not allow air flow to the open fire).

Water is also used as the main coolant. For this purpose, it is used in heating networks and heating mains.

It is difficult to imagine many sports without water, such as swimming, water polo, rowing.

Healthy relaxation also includes the opportunity to visit a bathhouse, sauna, water park, swimming pool, where you can’t do without water.

Water is widely used in the field of chemistry, as a solvent and diluent for many substances, in industries such as mining and oil.

Currently, there is an acute shortage of clean water. The task of man is to use water and its properties for his own benefit, without creating problems in the aquatic ecosystem that can lead to disaster - pollution and reduction in the volume of fresh water and the waters of the seas and oceans.

Knowledge about the properties of water allows us to use them more skillfully in everyday life.

In chemistry, water is a solvent; one of the components of some chemical reactions. Ultimately, liquid production waste is also released into the environment in the form of aqueous solutions.
In medicine, water is a solvent, a medicine, a means of sanitation and hygiene.

In agriculture, water is a “vehicle” of nutrients to the cells of plants and animals, a participant in the process of photosynthesis, and a temperature regulator of living organisms. The volumes of water used for watering agricultural plants and feeding animals and poultry are not inferior to the volumes used by industry.
In everyday life, water is a means of sanitation and hygiene, a participant in chemical reactions that occur during food preparation. Water washes all people, cars, roads.

The rate of water consumption per person differs significantly in individual cities. Let's think about the approximately 6 billion people inhabiting planet Earth and it becomes clear to us why from time to time there is talk of ever-increasing problems with drinking water, even in regions of the planet where there is a lot of water.

Water is a substance that is in a liquid state, it is colorless, transparent, odorless, it can change shape and dissolve different substances.

The property of water transparency is used very widely by humans: aquariums with strange fish and algae, pools and fountains with a beautiful design of the bottom and walls, and more.

Water has no smell. You can smell it and see for yourself. A person uses this property of water, for example, when saving from pursuing predatory animals: as soon as one enters the water, the trace of the person will be lost, the animal will not be able to determine the direction of movement of the person who entered the water.

The water is flowing. For example: if you pour it onto a flat tray, it spreads into a puddle. This property of water is widely used by humans in housing and communal services: water, flowing through pipes, enters our houses and apartments.

Water can dissolve different substances. If you pour crushed chalk into a test tube, the water will become cloudy because some of the chalk has dissolved in the water.

Water is an excellent solvent and therefore it is impossible to find liquid “pure” water in nature, that is, water in which no substances are dissolved. Water can be purified using a filter. If you put a paper napkin or cotton wool into a funnel and pass water in which chalk is dissolved through it, you will see that the water has become cleaner. If you do this a few more times, the water will become completely clear.

Preview:

“Tell me and I will forget;

Show me and I will remember;

Let me do it and I will understand.”

(Chinese parable)

Experiments with water

To determine the properties of water, we conducted several experiments.

First experience. Pour some water into an ice tray and place it in the freezer. After a couple of hours, take out the mold, making sure that ice appears in it instead of water. What a miracle, where did it come from? Is solid ice really the same as water?

Let's check it now! When warm, ice quickly melts and turns into ordinary water.

Conclusion: In the cold, liquid water freezes and turns into solid ice. But water can turn into more than just ice. Pour the melt water into a saucepan, put it on the fire and watch it carefully.

When the water boils, steam will appear. Carefully bring a mirror to the saucepan and see the water droplets formed on it. This means that steam is also water!

If the saucepan boils long enough, all the water will disappear from it. All the water will turn into steam, which will fly through the air.

Conclusion: Liquid water freezes and turns into ice at 0 degrees. When heated to 100 degrees, water boils and turns into steam.

Experience two. Let's put some water in a plate, measure its level on the wall of the plate with a marker and leave it on the windowsill for several days. Looking into the plate every day, we can observe the miraculous disappearance of water. Where does the water go? In the same way as in the previous experiment, it turns into water vapor - evaporates. But in the first case, under the influence of high temperature, the water disappeared in a matter of minutes, and in the second - in a few days.

Conclusion: Water can evaporate.

Experience three. Everyone knows what happens to sugar when we put it in tea and stir it with a spoon. But does sugar disappear completely? After all, the tea was unsweetened, but it became sweet. Sugar does not disappear, it dissolves, breaks up into tiny particles invisible to the eye and is distributed throughout the entire glass. The same thing happens with salt. To prove this, let’s take a tablespoon of liquid from the glass where salt was poured before. Hold the spoon over the fire until the water evaporates. There will be a white powder left in the spoon. After the spoon has cooled, taste the powder. It will easily become clear that this is salt.

Conclusion : Sugar and salt dissolve in water, changing its taste. Salt water produces salt crystals when evaporated, while sweet water produces sugar crystals.

Experience four. "Teach an egg to swim"

To conduct the experiment, we needed a raw egg, a glass of water, and a few tablespoons of salt.

Place a raw egg in a glass of clean tap water - the egg will sink to the bottom of the glass. Take the egg out of the glass and dissolve a few tablespoons of salt in the water. Place the egg in a glass of salted water - the egg will remain floating on the surface of the water.

Conclusion: Salt increases the density of water. The more salt in the water, the more difficult it is to drown in it. In the famous Dead Sea, the water is so salty that a person can lie on its surface without any effort, without fear of drowning.

Experience five . "The Enchanted Sippy Cup."

Fill the glass with water to the very brim. Now let’s concentrate our attention and very carefully drop the coins into the glass one at a time. We do this more carefully: the water will begin to rise above the edge of the glass.

What's happening?

Surface tension collects water. If you look closely, you can see that the meniscus continues the line of the walls of the glass, rising in an arc in the middle. Water also rises when we plunge into a bathtub filled with water.

Conclusion: Water rises when a body is immersed in water.

Experience six.

Fill the glass about 2/3 full with tap water. Place a glass of water and a pencil on the table. Dip the pencil vertically into the water so that its tip is approximately halfway between the bottom of the glass and the surface of the water. We move the pencil back and forth in the water, holding it vertically.

From the outside it will seem that the pencil is broken: the part of the pencil that is under water is slightly shifted relative to the part that is under water.

This effect occurs due to refraction. Light travels in a straight line, but when a ray of light passes from one transparent substance to another, its direction changes. This is refraction. When light passes from a denser substance, such as water, to a less dense substance, such as air, refraction occurs, or a visible change in the angle of incidence of the beam. Light travels at different speeds in substances of different densities.

Conclusion: Light reflected from a pencil, passing through air, appears to be in one place, and through water, in another.

Tornado in a Bottle Experience

• Water
• Transparent plastic bottle with cap
• Shine
• Dishwashing liquid

Time to conduct the experiment: approximately 15 minutes.

Let's start the experiment:

1. Fill the plastic bottle with water until it fills ¾ of the bottle.
2. Add a few drops of dishwashing liquid to the water.
3. After a few seconds, add a few pinches of glitter. This will help you see the tornado better.
4. Close the bottle tightly with the cap.
5. Turn the bottle upside down and hold it by the neck. Quickly spin the bottle in a circular motion for a few seconds, stop and look inside.

Note:

You may have to spin the bottle a few times before you get the tornado to work properly.

How did this happen?

When you swirl the bottle in a circular motion, you create a vortex of water that looks like a mini tornado. Water quickly rotates around the center of the vortex due to centrifugal force. Centrifugal force is the inward force of a guiding object or fluid, such as water, relative to the center of its circular path. Whirlwinds occur in nature, but there they are very scary.

Soap Bubbles Experience

To conduct the experiment you will need:

• Liquid soap
• Water
• Jar
• A piece of wire

Time to conduct the experiment:

About 5 minutes

Let's start the experiment:

1. Mix one cup of liquid soap with six cups of water.
2. Pour the mixture into a jar.
3. Bend the end of the wire into a ring shape.
4. Dip the wire into the mixture, dip it in, and carefully pull it out.

Note:

Before conducting"Soap Bubbles" ExperienceMake sure that your wire is not coated with nylon, because if the wire is coated with nylon, you will not be able to create soap bubbles.

Observation:

Try using dish soap, shampoo or body wash and see which creates better bubbles. How big a soap bubble can you make?

Result:

Bubbles are formed due to the fact that you mix soap and water . When you bent the end of the wire into a ring and dipped it into the mixture, water and soap particles moved onto the wire, and after you blew into the ring, a soap bubble would fly out.

Preview:

Water protection.

A person must monitor the cleanliness of all reservoirs.
Clean water is needed for drinking. Plants and animals die in water polluted by wastewater from factories, factories and homes. Pollution with oil products causes great harm to water bodies. They kill fish and other animals that serve as food for them - insects, shellfish and others. Rivers and lakes become very shallow when forests around them are cut down.

The Nature Conservation Law prohibits the discharge of harmful waste and sewage into water bodies and the cutting down of forests around water bodies.

Why should water be conserved?

“Water must be conserved,” parents and educators repeat, at home and in kindergarten. They write about this in books and print in newspapers. But this teaching looks very strange. Why take care of it, if there is so much of it around?

At home I turned off the taps - it flowed, with good pressure, in a wide stream. If you want it cold, if you want it hot. Cook food, bathe, do laundry as much as you like. Got dirty on the street playing football - there's a water pump nearby. I pressed the lever - water flows like a river, wash, splash as much as you like. And around the city and outside the city - there are so many lakes, rivers, ponds. And the sea! If you go to the sea in the summer, you generally stop understanding why you need to protect it so much, this water, if there are huge volumes of it, everywhere you look.

Now let's count more specifically. Each person drinks about one and a half to two liters of water daily. Yes, plus soup, and also tea, coffee, all sorts of compotes. This is only inside. Hundreds of liters a day are spent on washing, bathing, and other needs of each of the residents of the apartment building. And in the village, we also water the cows and sheep, and water the garden every evening in hot weather. Water also moves the blades of electric turbines, generating energy for us, and also carries huge ships on its waves. And how much water is used in any production! For cooling, moisturizing, washing. Tons, tens of tons, hundreds of thousands of tons every day.

Now let's look at our planet. No, not the Universe - it is just infinite. What about the planet, Earth? It has northern and southern extreme points, western and eastern. That is, it is limited in size, whatever one may say. And, consequently, its natural resources are limited. Imagine for a moment: the water may run out! At the same time, all over the planet. That is, absolutely, completely. You can’t go to your neighbors to fill the kettle with water, you can’t wash yourself at the water pump, and they won’t give you the water or sell it to you for any of the riches in the world. Introduced? And How? Not really, right? Well, you can wash yourself and wait. How about making soup? It’s simple - take a sip of fresh, clean water when you come from training or when you return home from a hot street. Meanwhile, within one day, that is, twenty-four hours, humanity uses—think about it for a minute—seven billion tons of water! It’s even scary to imagine such a number, not to mention saying goodbye to it forever.

What can I say - on our planet there are already settlements, countries and even entire parts of continents where people suffer from lack of water. And rest assured: there they don’t spend it so thoughtlessly, they save every drop and very accurately calculate how much and when they will spend it. So that all humanity on Earth does not soon have to count every drop of water, it is extremely necessary to conserve water. Close the taps as soon as you stop using water, and use it sparingly for any needs. And, of course, try not to litter any of the reservoirs, be it a river, lake or pond - each of us will have to drink from the same one someday.

Water is an important factor in the life of all living organisms on Earth. If you find yourself in the desert under its mercilessly scorching sun, you will be glad to exchange, if not all, but some treasures for water, for at least one sip of this life-giving and priceless “liquid gold”. Bedouins, traveling through the deserts, tried to stock up on water well, because if it ran out, they would die.

What does water mean to us today? Have we figured out her main secret?

It is impossible to say with confidence that yes, we have learned its meaning. Many articles have been written about water, poems and proverbs are dedicated to water, it is the personification of life in literary works. And even more will be written in the very near future. The awareness of the importance and role of fresh water in our everyday world has attracted the attention of many scientists around the globe. To the studied and discovered characteristics of water since the time of its presentation from the point of view of chemistry as two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom by the German naturalist A. Humbalt, many other physical and chemical properties and roles in the life of all living things have been added these days.

For many centuries, people did not know what water was and how it appeared on the planet. Until the 19th century, people did not think that water was a chemical compound. Evidence that water is a chemical compound became known only in the 19th century. In the early stages of its study, water was classified as a chemical element. The whole world knew that water is a chemical compound whose formula is H2O.

The presence of heavy water became known in 1932. Nowadays it is known that there can be 135 isotopic types of water. Outwardly, heavy water looks like ordinary water, but at the same time its composition is complex and diverse. Water is one of countless chemical compounds, with a seemingly easy and completely unremarkable formula, but at the same time, such a complex meaning is hidden in it.

Water comes into contact with various substances in nature all the time. Water does not change chemically when exposed to more compounds that it dissolves. Water has the ability to dissolve, like solids, liquids and gases. Water can be classified as a highly complex substance in terms of its qualities and abilities. Water, no matter what its composition, has different effects on human health. Every type of water is formed in its own established circumstances. And if life is animate water, then just like life, water has many faces and its characteristics are inexhaustible. Water has a cleansing and refreshing effect, and therefore is often used in healing. Based on many statements related to water: “a lot of water has flown under the bridge”, “the water will not be muddied”, one can imagine that people used to know more about water than we do and used its power for their own benefit.

Although we imagine the full significance of water in the modern world for us, we do not assume that our ideas are not complete. Let’s imagine for a moment that there would be no drinking water, rivers, seas, or oceans on Earth. What could happen? In such a case, life on our planet could not even appear. The Earth itself owes the appearance and development of life to water; in this case, if it weren’t for it, we wouldn’t exist. In this case, not a single living organism would survive, and life would not arise. If there were no water, we would not know its structure, its properties, its significance, its features, we would not know what life is.

Save water! Water is irreplaceable by any treasure in the world. Water carries information about the state of our planet, and therefore it needs to be protected.

Preview:

Master class “The Amazing Properties of Water”

Nomination "Children's project in primary school"

"Water! You have no taste, no color, no smell, you cannot be described,
they enjoy you, not knowing what you are. It's impossible to say
that you are necessary for life: you are life itself.”
Antoine de Saint-Exupery

The familiar is not surprising, and what we constantly use is devoid of a touch of mystery and is perceived as ordinary. But there are still phenomena on the planet that never cease to cause delight and amazement. They do not obey known laws.

For example, water. Scientists have discovered properties in it that they cannot explain. That is, they should not exist. But they exist. Miracle! Or a riddle... Against the laws.

Goal of the work: reveal the amazing properties of water.

To achieve this, it is necessary to solve the following tasks:

• study information on this issue;
• conduct experiments;
• analyze the results obtained;
• draw conclusions.

Subject of study: properties of water.

Object of study: water and its various states.

Research methods:

• study and analysis of literature and Internet articles on this topic;
• observation;
• experiment.

I am pleased to present you the results of the work done.

To begin with, I remembered the main physical properties of water: Type of water molecule H 2 O. Scientists distinguish at least 5 different states of water in liquid form and 14 states in frozen form.At atmospheric pressure, water freezes at 0°C and boils at 100°C.

Water is an amazing substance. It has an unusually high boiling point and vaporization point, a high heat capacity, and an unusually high surface tension.

The next step in my work was conducting experiments.

Experiments on the surface tension of water:

Experiment No. 1 “Water flows up.”

Experiment No. 2 “A paper clip on the surface of the water.”

Experiment No. 3 “Cowardly Pepper”.

Experiment No. 4 “Water does not pour out of an inverted vessel.”

Ice melting experiments:

Experiment No. 5 “Melting under pressure.”

Experiment No. 6 “Melting from salt.”

Experiment on thermal conductivity of water:

Experiment No. 7 “Candle and ball”.

Experience with super-cooled water:

Experiment No. 8 “Instant freezing.”

During the work, I conducted 8 experiments with water to confirm its amazing properties. Thanks to my experiments, I I learned a lot of new and interesting things.

Firstly, water can rise upward on its own due to its capillary properties, although we are accustomed to thinking that it only flows downwards.

Secondly, water may not spill out of an inverted vessel and keep the paper clip afloat due to high surface tension.

I also learned that ice can be made to melt under the influence of salt or pressure, and not just heat. Water can also turn into ice in seconds; it has excellent thermal conductivity properties. Therefore, you can even boil water in a plastic bottle or in a paper juice or milk box.

It turned out that conducting experiments is not only a way to study, but also a way to have a lot of fun. Children will really enjoy such trick experiments and will help them get acquainted with the amazing properties of the simplest water.

Video with experiments done